Diabetes: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Poor Control (> 9%)
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| Measure Information | 2022 Performance Period | 2023 Performance Period | 2024 Performance Period | 2025 Performance Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Title | Diabetes: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Poor Control (> 9%) | Diabetes: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Poor Control (> 9%) | Diabetes: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Poor Control (> 9%) | Diabetes: Glycemic Status Assessment Greater Than 9% |
| CMS eCQM ID | CMS122v10 | CMS122v11 | CMS122v12 | CMS122v13 |
| CBE ID* | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Not Applicable |
| MIPS Quality ID | 001 | 001 | 001 | 001 |
| Measure Steward | National Committee for Quality Assurance | National Committee for Quality Assurance | National Committee for Quality Assurance | National Committee for Quality Assurance |
| Description |
Percentage of patients 18-75 years of age with diabetes who had hemoglobin A1c > 9.0% during the measurement period |
Percentage of patients 18-75 years of age with diabetes who had hemoglobin A1c > 9.0% during the measurement period |
Percentage of patients 18-75 years of age with diabetes who had hemoglobin A1c > 9.0% during the measurement period |
Percentage of patients 18-75 years of age with diabetes who had a glycemic status assessment (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] or glucose management indicator [GMI]) > 9.0% during the measurement period |
| Measure Scoring | Proportion measure | Proportion measure | Proportion measure | Proportion measure |
| Measure Type | Intermediate Clinical Outcome | Intermediate Clinical Outcome | Intermediate Clinical Outcome | Intermediate Clinical Outcome |
| Stratification | *See CMS122v10.html | *See CMS122v11.html |
None |
None |
| Risk Adjustment | *See CMS122v10.html | *See CMS122v11.html |
None |
None |
| Rationale | *See CMS122v10.html | *See CMS122v11.html |
Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2022a). In 2019, diabetes affected more than 37 million Americans (11.3% of the U.S. population) and killed more than 87,000 people (American Diabetes Association [ADA], 2022a). Diabetes is a long-lasting disease marked by high blood glucose levels, resulting from the body's inability to produce or use insulin properly (CDC, 2022a). People with diabetes are at increased risk of serious health complications including vision loss, heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, amputation of feet or legs, and premature death (CDC, 2022b). In 2017, diabetes cost the U.S. an estimated $327 billion: $237 billion in direct medical costs and $90 billion in reduced productivity. This is a 34% increase from the estimated $245 billion spent on diabetes in 2012 (ADA, 2018). Controlling A1c blood levels helps reduce the risk of microvascular complications (eye, kidney and nerve diseases) (ADA, 2022b). |
Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2022a). In 2019, diabetes affected more than 37 million Americans (11.3% of the U.S. population) and killed more than 87,000 people (American Diabetes Association [ADA], 2022a). Diabetes is a long-lasting disease marked by high blood glucose levels, resulting from the body's inability to produce or use insulin properly (CDC, 2022a). People with diabetes are at increased risk of serious health complications including vision loss, heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, amputation of feet or legs, and premature death (CDC, 2022b). In 2017, diabetes cost the U.S. an estimated $327 billion: $237 billion in direct medical costs and $90 billion in reduced productivity. This is a 34% increase from the estimated $245 billion spent on diabetes in 2012 (ADA, 2018). Controlling A1c blood levels helps reduce the risk of microvascular complications (eye, kidney and nerve diseases) (ADA, 2022b). |
| Clinical Recommendation Statement | *See CMS122v10.html | *See CMS122v11.html |
American Diabetes Association (2022b): - An A1C goal for many nonpregnant adults of <7% (53 mmol/mol) without significant hypocalcemia is appropriate. (Level of evidence: A) - On the basis of provider judgement and patient preference, achievement of lower A1C levels than the goal of 7% may be acceptable and even beneficial if it can be achieved safely without significant hypoglycemia or other adverse effects of treatment. (Level of evidence: B) - Less stringent A1C goals (such as <8% [64 mmol/mol]) may be appropriate for patients with limited life expectancy or where the harms of treatment are greater than the benefits. (Level of evidence: B) |
American Diabetes Association (2023): - Assess glycemic status (A1C or other glycemic measurement such as time in range or glucose management indicator) at least two times a year in patients who are meeting treatment goals (and who have stable glycemic control). (Level of evidence: E) - An A1C goal for many nonpregnant adults of <7% (53 mmol/mol) without significant hypoglycemia is appropriate. (Level of evidence: A) - On the basis of health care professional judgement and patient preference, achievement of lower A1C levels than the goal of 7% may be acceptable and even beneficial if it can be achieved safely without significant hypoglycemia or other adverse effects of treatment. (Level of evidence: B) - Less stringent A1C goals (such as <8% [64 mmol/mol]) may be appropriate for patients with limited life expectancy or where the harms of treatment are greater than the benefits. Health care professionals should consider deintensification of therapy if appropriate to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia in patients with inappropriate stringent A1C targets. (Level of evidence: B) - Standardized, single-page glucose reports from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices with visual cues, such as the ambulatory glucose profile, should be considered as a standard summary for all CGM devices. Level of evidence: E |
| Improvement Notation |
Lower score indicates better quality |
Lower score indicates better quality |
Lower score indicates better quality |
Lower score indicates better quality |
| Definition | *See CMS122v10.html | *See CMS122v11.html |
None |
None |
| Guidance |
If the HbA1c test result is in the medical record, the test can be used to determine numerator compliance. Only patients with a diagnosis of Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes should be included in the denominator of this measure; patients with a diagnosis of secondary diabetes due to another condition should not be included. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.5. Please refer to the eCQI resource center for more information on the QDM. |
If the HbA1c test result is in the medical record, the test can be used to determine numerator compliance. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM. |
If the HbA1c test result is in the medical record, the test can be used to determine numerator compliance. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM. |
If the glycemic status assessment (HbA1c or GMI) is in the medical record, the test can be used to determine numerator compliance. Glycemic status assessment (HbA1c or GMI) must be reported as a percentage (%). If multiple glycemic status assessments were recorded for a single date, use the lowest result. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM. |
| Initial Population |
Patients 18-75 years of age with diabetes with a visit during the measurement period |
Patients 18-75 years of age by the end of the measurement period, with diabetes with a visit during the measurement period |
Patients 18-75 years of age by the end of the measurement period, with diabetes with a visit during the measurement period |
Patients 18-75 years of age by the end of the measurement period, with diabetes with a visit during the measurement period |
| Denominator |
Equals Initial Population |
Equals Initial Population |
Equals Initial Population |
Equals Initial Population |
| Denominator Exclusions |
Exclude patients who are in hospice care for any part of the measurement period. Exclude patients 66 and older who are living long term in an institution for more than 90 consecutive days during the measurement period. Exclude patients 66 and older with an indication of frailty for any part of the measurement period who meet any of the following criteria: - Advanced illness with two outpatient encounters during the measurement period or the year prior - OR advanced illness with one inpatient encounter during the measurement period or the year prior - OR taking dementia medications during the measurement period or the year prior
Exclude patients receiving palliative care during the measurement period. |
Exclude patients who are in hospice care for any part of the measurement period. Exclude patients 66 and older by the end of the measurement period who are living long term in a nursing home any time on or before the end of during the measurement period. Exclude patients 66 and older by the end of the measurement period with an indication of frailty for any part of the measurement period who also meet any of the following advanced illness criteria: - Advanced illness with two outpatient encounters during the measurement period or the year prior - OR advanced illness with one inpatient encounter during the measurement period or the year prior - OR taking dementia medications during the measurement period or the year prior
Exclude patients receiving palliative care for any part of the measurement period. |
Exclude patients who are in hospice care for any part of the measurement period. Exclude patients 66 and older by the end of the measurement period who are living long term in a nursing home any time on or before the end of the measurement period. Exclude patients 66 and older by the end of the measurement period with an indication of frailty for any part of the measurement period who also meet any of the following advanced illness criteria: - Advanced illness with two outpatient encounters during the measurement period or the year prior - OR advanced illness with one inpatient encounter during the measurement period or the year prior - OR taking dementia medications during the measurement period or the year prior
Exclude patients receiving palliative care for any part of the measurement period. |
Exclude patients who are in hospice care for any part of the measurement period. Exclude patients 66 and older by the end of the measurement period who are living long term in a nursing home any time on or before the end of the measurement period. Exclude patients 66 and older by the end of the measurement period with an indication of frailty for any part of the measurement period who also meet any of the following advanced illness criteria: - Advanced illness diagnosis during the measurement period or the year prior - OR taking dementia medications during the measurement period or the year prior
Exclude patients receiving palliative care for any part of the measurement period. |
| Numerator |
Patients whose most recent HbA1c level (performed during the measurement period) is >9.0% or is missing, or was not performed during the measurement period. |
Patients whose most recent HbA1c level (performed during the measurement period) is >9.0% or is missing, or was not performed during the measurement period |
Patients whose most recent HbA1c level (performed during the measurement period) is >9.0% or is missing, or was not performed during the measurement period |
Patients whose most recent glycemic status assessment (HbA1c or GMI) (performed during the measurement period) is >9.0% or is missing, or was not performed during the measurement period |
| Numerator Exclusions |
Not Applicable |
Not Applicable |
Not Applicable |
Not Applicable |
| Denominator Exceptions |
None |
None |
None |
None |
| Telehealth Eligible | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Next Version | No Version Available | |||
| Previous Version | No Version Available |
Additional Resources for CMS122v12
Header
Updated copyright.
Measure Section: Copyright
Source of Change: Annual Update
Updated the rationale based upon more recent literature and evidence to support the measure.
Measure Section: Rationale
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Updated the clinical recommendation statement based upon more recent literature and evidence to support the measure.
Measure Section: Clinical Recommendation Statement
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Updated references.
Measure Section: Reference
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Updated grammar, wording, and/or formatting to improve readability and consistency.
Measure Section: Denominator Exclusions
Source of Change: Annual Update
Logic
Changed sequence of denominator exclusions in logic to align with the sequence in the Denominator Exclusions section of the header to improve readability.
Measure Section: Denominator Exclusions
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Updated the version number of the Palliative Care Exclusion ECQM Library to v3.0.000.
Measure Section: Definitions
Source of Change: Annual Update
Updated the version number of the Hospice Library to v5.0.000.
Measure Section: Definitions
Source of Change: Annual Update
Updated the names of CQL definitions, functions, and/or aliases for clarification and to align with the CQL Style Guide.
Measure Section: Definitions
Source of Change: Standards/Technical Update
Replaced direct reference code 'Encounter with palliative care' with 'Palliative Care Diagnosis' value set in the PalliativeCare.Has Palliative Care in the Measurement Period definition to organize capture of patients receiving palliative care, per standards expert input.
Measure Section: Definitions
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Added 'day of' specificity to the palliative care expressions for consistency.
Measure Section: Definitions
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Added 'day of' specificity to hospice expressions for consistency.
Measure Section: Definitions
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Updated the version number of the Advanced Illness and Frailty Exclusion eCQM Library to v8.0.000.
Measure Section: Definitions
Source of Change: Annual Update
Added QDM datatype 'Diagnosis' to the Hospice.'Has Hospice Services' definition referencing a new value set containing SNOMED finding codes to provide an additional approach for identifying patients receiving hospice care.
Measure Section: Definitions
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Updated the version number of the Advanced Illness and Frailty Exclusion eCQM Library to v8.0.000.
Measure Section: Functions
Source of Change: Annual Update
Updated the version number of the Hospice Library to v5.0.000.
Measure Section: Functions
Source of Change: Annual Update
Updated the version number of the Palliative Care Exclusion ECQM Library to v3.0.000.
Measure Section: Functions
Source of Change: Annual Update
Value Set
The VSAC is the source of truth for the value set content, please visit the VSAC for downloads of current value sets.
Value set Acute Inpatient (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1083): Added 3 CPT codes (99236, 99234, 99235) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback. Added 1 SNOMED CT code (2876009) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Value set Advanced Illness (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.110.12.1082): Added 47 SNOMED CT codes based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Value set Diabetes (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.103.12.1001): Deleted 54 ICD-9-CM codes based on validity of code during timing of look back period. Deleted 3 SNOMED CT codes (190369008, 237618001, 314771006) based on validity of code during timing of look back period.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Value set (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1010): Renamed to Emergency Department Evaluation and Management Visit based on recommended value set naming conventions.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Annual Update
Value set Frailty Diagnosis (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.113.12.1074): Added 1 ICD-10-CM code (L89.000) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Value set Frailty Symptom (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.113.12.1075): Deleted 4 ICD-10-CM codes (R26.0, R26.1, R41.81, R53.83) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback. Deleted 17 SNOMED CT codes based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Value set HbA1c Laboratory Test (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.198.12.1013): Added 2 LOINC codes (17855-8, 96595-4) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Value set Hospice Care Ambulatory (2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1584): Deleted 3 SNOMED CT codes (170935008, 170936009, 305911006) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Added value set Hospice Diagnosis (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.1165) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Value set Hospice Encounter (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.1003): Added 2 SNOMED CT codes (305911006, 385765002) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Value set Outpatient (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1087): Added 2 SNOMED CT codes (30346009, 37894004) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Replaced direct reference code ICD-10-CM code (Z51.5) with value set Palliative Care Diagnosis (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.1167) based on change in measure requirements/measure specification.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Value set Palliative Care Intervention (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.198.12.1135): Deleted 3 SNOMED CT codes (305686008, 305824005, 441874000) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Value set Payer (2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.3591): Added 5 SOP codes (1111, 1112, 142, 344, 141) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead