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CMS Measure ID: CMS819v2    Performance/Reporting Period: 2024    NQF Number: 3501e
Description:

This measure assesses the number of inpatient hospitalizations for patients age 18 and older who have been administered an opioid medication and are subsequently administered an opioid antagonist within 12 hours, an indication of an opioid-related adverse event

Data Elements and coded QDM Attributes contained within the eCQM

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Value Set Description from VSAC
Clinical Focus: The purpose of this value set is to represent concepts for encounters in the emergency department (ED).
Data Element Scope: This value set may use a model element related to Encounter.
Inclusion Criteria: Includes concepts that represent an encounter ocurring in the emergency department (ED).
Exclusion Criteria: Excludes concepts that represent services not performed in the emergency department, including critical care and observation services.

Constrained to codes in the Emergency Department Visit value set (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.292)

QDM Datatype and Definition

"Encounter, Performed"

Data elements that meet criteria using this datatype should document that the encounter indicated by the QDM category and its corresponding value set is in progress or has been completed.

The "Encounter, Performed" participant references the primary participant.

Previous versions of QDM included an attribute principal diagnosis, defined as the condition that, after study, was determined to be the principal cause of the admission. QDM version 5.6 addresses that concept using the diagnosis rank=1.

Timing:

  • The relevantPeriod addresses:
    • startTime - The time the encounter began (admission time).
    • stopTime - The time the encounter ended (discharge time).
  • author dateTime references the time the action was recorded.
  • Refer to the eCQM expression to determine allowable timings to meet measure criteria.

Notes:

  • negation rationale indicates a one-time documentation of a reason an activity is not performed. Negation of QDM datatype-related actions for a reason always use the author dateTime attribute to reference timing and must not use relevantPeriod.
  • The locationPeriod is an attribute of the attribute facility location that addresses:
    • startTime - the time the patient arrived at the location. The time the encounter began (admission time).
    • stopTime - the time the patient departed from the location.
Value Set Description from VSAC
Clinical Focus: The purpose of this value set is to represent concepts of inpatient hospitalization encounters.
Data Element Scope: This value set may use a model element related to Encounter.
Inclusion Criteria: Includes concepts that represent an encounter for inpatient hospitalizations.
Exclusion Criteria: No exclusions.

Constrained to codes in the Encounter Inpatient value set (2.16.840.1.113883.3.666.5.307)

QDM Datatype and Definition

"Encounter, Performed"

Data elements that meet criteria using this datatype should document that the encounter indicated by the QDM category and its corresponding value set is in progress or has been completed.

The "Encounter, Performed" participant references the primary participant.

Previous versions of QDM included an attribute principal diagnosis, defined as the condition that, after study, was determined to be the principal cause of the admission. QDM version 5.6 addresses that concept using the diagnosis rank=1.

Timing:

  • The relevantPeriod addresses:
    • startTime - The time the encounter began (admission time).
    • stopTime - The time the encounter ended (discharge time).
  • author dateTime references the time the action was recorded.
  • Refer to the eCQM expression to determine allowable timings to meet measure criteria.

Notes:

  • negation rationale indicates a one-time documentation of a reason an activity is not performed. Negation of QDM datatype-related actions for a reason always use the author dateTime attribute to reference timing and must not use relevantPeriod.
  • The locationPeriod is an attribute of the attribute facility location that addresses:
    • startTime - the time the patient arrived at the location. The time the encounter began (admission time).
    • stopTime - the time the patient departed from the location.
Value Set Description from VSAC
Clinical Focus: The purpose of this value set is to represent concepts for encounters for observation.
Data Element Scope: This value set may use a model element related to Encounter.
Inclusion Criteria: Includes concepts that represent an encounter for observation in the inpatient or outpatient setting.
Exclusion Criteria: No exclusions.

Constrained to codes in the Observation Services value set (2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1111.143)

QDM Datatype and Definition

"Encounter, Performed"

Data elements that meet criteria using this datatype should document that the encounter indicated by the QDM category and its corresponding value set is in progress or has been completed.

The "Encounter, Performed" participant references the primary participant.

Previous versions of QDM included an attribute principal diagnosis, defined as the condition that, after study, was determined to be the principal cause of the admission. QDM version 5.6 addresses that concept using the diagnosis rank=1.

Timing:

  • The relevantPeriod addresses:
    • startTime - The time the encounter began (admission time).
    • stopTime - The time the encounter ended (discharge time).
  • author dateTime references the time the action was recorded.
  • Refer to the eCQM expression to determine allowable timings to meet measure criteria.

Notes:

  • negation rationale indicates a one-time documentation of a reason an activity is not performed. Negation of QDM datatype-related actions for a reason always use the author dateTime attribute to reference timing and must not use relevantPeriod.
  • The locationPeriod is an attribute of the attribute facility location that addresses:
    • startTime - the time the patient arrived at the location. The time the encounter began (admission time).
    • stopTime - the time the patient departed from the location.
Value Set Description from VSAC
Clinical Focus: The purpose of this value set is to represent concepts for the opioid antagonist medications naloxone and nalmefine administered to reverse over-administration of opioids in the hospital setting
Data Element Scope: This value set may use a model element related to Medication
Inclusion Criteria: Includes concepts that represent non-enteral (intranasal, intramuscular, intravenous, subcutaneous, inhalation) forms of naloxone and nalmefene medications
Exclusion Criteria: Excludes all other types of opioid antagonists such as naltrexone. Excludes combination medications that contain both an opioid antagonist and an opioid.

Constrained to codes in the Opioid Antagonist value set (2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1248.119)

QDM Datatype and Definition

"Medication, Administered"

Data elements that meet criteria using this datatype should document that the medication indicated by the QDM category and its corresponding value set was actually administered to the patient.

Timing:

  • relevant dateTime references the time the medication is administered if it was given or taken at a single point in time.
  • relevantPeriod references a start and stop time for medication administration if the administration event occurred over a time interval (e.g., an intravenous infusion). The relevantPeriod addresses:
    • startTime - when a single medication administration event starts (e.g., the initiation of an intravenous infusion).
    • stopTime - when a single medication administration event ends (e.g., the end time of the intravenous infusion).
  • author dateTime references the time the action was recorded.
  • Refer to the eCQM expression to determine allowable timings to meet measure criterion.

Notes:

  • Measure developers should address multiple administrations over a period of time using CQL logic.
  • negation rationale indicates a one-time documentation of a reason an activity is not performed. Negation of QDM datatype-related actions for a reason always use the author dateTime attribute to reference timing and must not use relevantPeriod.

Refer to Special Cases in Section 5.7 for scenarios to consider in calculating cumulative medication duration.

Value Set Description from VSAC
Clinical Focus: The purpose of this value set is to represent concepts for opioid medications.
Data Element Scope: This value set may use a model element related to Medication
Inclusion Criteria: Includes concepts that represent all formulations of opioids that may be administered in an inpatient or outpatient setting regardless of intended use. Includes combination medications that contain both an opioid and naloxone, an opioid antagonist.
Exclusion Criteria: Excludes concepts that represent medications used as opiate antagonists.

Constrained to codes in the Opioids, All value set (2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1196.226)

QDM Datatype and Definition

"Medication, Administered"

Data elements that meet criteria using this datatype should document that the medication indicated by the QDM category and its corresponding value set was actually administered to the patient.

Timing:

  • relevant dateTime references the time the medication is administered if it was given or taken at a single point in time.
  • relevantPeriod references a start and stop time for medication administration if the administration event occurred over a time interval (e.g., an intravenous infusion). The relevantPeriod addresses:
    • startTime - when a single medication administration event starts (e.g., the initiation of an intravenous infusion).
    • stopTime - when a single medication administration event ends (e.g., the end time of the intravenous infusion).
  • author dateTime references the time the action was recorded.
  • Refer to the eCQM expression to determine allowable timings to meet measure criterion.

Notes:

  • Measure developers should address multiple administrations over a period of time using CQL logic.
  • negation rationale indicates a one-time documentation of a reason an activity is not performed. Negation of QDM datatype-related actions for a reason always use the author dateTime attribute to reference timing and must not use relevantPeriod.

Refer to Special Cases in Section 5.7 for scenarios to consider in calculating cumulative medication duration.

Value Set Description from VSAC
Clinical Focus: n/a Data Element Scope: n/a Inclusion Criteria: n/a Exclusion Criteria: n/a

Constrained to codes in the Ethnicity value set (2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.837)

QDM Datatype and Definition

"Patient Characteristic, Ethnicity"

Data elements that meet criteria using this datatype should document that the patient has one or more of the ethnicities indicated by the QDM category and its corresponding value set.

Timing: Ethnicity does not have a specific timing. Measures using "Patient Characteristic, Ethnicity" should address the most recent entry in the clinical record.

Value Set Description from VSAC
Clinical Focus: Categories of types of health care payer entities as defined by the US Public Health Data Consortium SOP code system
Data Element Scope: @code in CCDA r2.1 template Planned Coverage [act: identifier urn:oid:2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.22.4.129 (open)] DYNAMIC
Inclusion Criteria: All codes in the code system
Exclusion Criteria: none

Constrained to codes in the Payer value set (2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.3591)

QDM Datatype and Definition

"Patient Characteristic, Payer"

Data elements that meet criteria using this datatype should document that the patient has one or more of the payers indicated by the QDM category and its corresponding value set.

Timing:

The relevantPeriod addresses:

  • startTime – the first day of insurance coverage with the referenced payer.
  • stopTime – the last day of insurance coverage with the referenced payer.
Value Set Description from VSAC
Clinical Focus: n/a Data Element Scope: n/a Inclusion Criteria: n/a Exclusion Criteria: n/a

Constrained to codes in the Race value set (2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.836)

QDM Datatype and Definition

"Patient Characteristic, Race"

Data elements that meet criteria using this datatype should document the patient’s race.

Timing: Race does not have a specific timing. Measures using "Patient Characteristic, Race" should address the most recent entry in the clinical record.

Value Set Description from VSAC
Clinical Focus: Gender identity restricted to only Male and Female used in administrative situations requiring a restriction to these two categories.
Data Element Scope: Gender
Inclusion Criteria: Male and Female only.
Exclusion Criteria: Any gender identity that is not male or female.

Constrained to codes in the ONC Administrative Sex value set (2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1)

QDM Datatype and Definition

"Patient Characteristic, Sex"

Data elements that meet criteria using this datatype should document that the patient's sex matches the QDM category and its corresponding value set.

Timing: Birth (administrative) sex does not have a specific timing.

Value Set Description from VSAC
Clinical Focus: The purpose of this value set is to represent concepts for routes of administration for opioid antagonist administration to reverse opioid overdose which includes intranasal spray, inhalation, intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intravenous injection
Data Element Scope: This value set may use a model element related to routes of medication administrations for opioid antagonists
Inclusion Criteria: Includes concepts that represent intranasal, intramuscular, intravenous, subcutaneous, inhalation routes of administration for opioid antagonist administration
Exclusion Criteria: Excludes enteral routes and other routes that are not intranasal, inhalation, intramuscular, intravenous or subcutaneous such as intradermal, intracoronary, intradiscal, intrapulmonary, etc.

Constrained to codes in the Routes of Administration for Opioid Antagonists value set (2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1248.187)

QDM Attribute and Definition

route

Refers to the path by which the medication or substance should be taken into the body system, such as intradermally, intrathecally, intramuscularly, intranasally, intravenously, orally, rectally, subcutaneously, sublingually, topically, or vaginally.