| Title |
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Beta-Blocker Therapy-Prior Myocardial Infarction (MI) or Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction (LVEF less than or equal to 40%)
|
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Beta-Blocker Therapy-Prior Myocardial Infarction (MI) or Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction (LVEF) less than or equal to 40%
|
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Beta-Blocker Therapy-Prior Myocardial Infarction (MI) or Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction (LVEF less than or equal to 40%)
|
| CMS eCQM ID |
CMS145v11
|
CMS145v12
|
CMS145v13
|
| CBE ID* |
0070e
|
0070e
|
0070e
|
| MIPS Quality ID |
007
|
007
|
007
|
| Measure Steward |
American Heart Association
|
American Heart Association
|
American Heart Association
|
| Description |
Percentage of patients aged 18 years and older with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease seen within a 12-month period who also have a prior MI or a current or prior LVEF <=40% who were prescribed beta-blocker therapy
|
Percentage of patients aged 18 years and older with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease seen within a 12-month period who also have a prior MI or a current or prior LVEF <=40% who were prescribed beta-blocker therapy
|
Percentage of patients aged 18 years and older with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease seen within a 12-month period who also have a prior MI or a current or prior left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <=40% who were prescribed beta-blocker therapy
|
| Measure Scoring |
Proportion measure
|
Proportion measure
|
Proportion measure
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| Measure Type |
Process
|
Process
|
Process
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| Stratification |
*See
CMS145v11.html
|
None
|
None
|
| Risk Adjustment |
*See
CMS145v11.html
|
None
|
None
|
| Rationale |
*See
CMS145v11.html
|
For patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), beta-blockers are recommended for 3 years after myocardial infarction or acute coronary syndrome. Beta-blockers, particularly carvedilol, metoprolol succinate, or bisoprolol which have been shown to reduce risk of death, are recommended... indefinitely for patients with CAD and LV systolic dysfunction. These agents have proven efficacy in reducing angina onset and improving the ischemic threshold during exercise. In patients who have suffered an MI, beta-blockers significantly reduce deaths and recurrent MIs (ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS, 2012). Nonadherence to cardioprotective medications is prevalent among outpatients with CAD and can be associated with a broad range of adverse outcomes, including all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular hospitalizations, and the need for revascularization procedures (ACC/AHA, 2002). This measure is intended to promote beta-blocker usage in select patients with CAD.
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For patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), beta-blockers are recommended for 3 years after myocardial infarction or acute coronary syndrome. Beta-blockers, particularly carvedilol, metoprolol succinate, or bisoprolol which have been shown to reduce risk of death, are recommended indefinitely for patients with CAD and LV systolic dysfunction. These agents have proven efficacy in reducing angina onset and improving the ischemic threshold during exercise. In patients who have suffered an MI, beta-blockers significantly reduce deaths and recurrent MIs (ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS, 2012). Nonadherence to cardioprotective medications is prevalent among outpatients with CAD and can be associated with a broad range of adverse outcomes, including all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular hospitalizations, and the need for revascularization procedures (ACC/AHA, 2002). This measure is intended to promote beta-blocker usage in select patients with CAD.
Show less |
For patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), beta-blockers are recommended for 3 years after myocardial infarction or acute coronary syndrome. Beta-blockers, particularly carvedilol, metoprolol succinate, or bisoprolol which have been shown to reduce risk of death, are recommended... indefinitely for patients with CAD and LV systolic dysfunction. These agents have proven efficacy in reducing angina onset and improving the ischemic threshold during exercise. In patients who have suffered an MI, beta-blockers significantly reduce deaths and recurrent MIs (Fihn et al., 2012). Nonadherence to cardioprotective medications is prevalent among outpatients with CAD and can be associated with a broad range of adverse outcomes, including all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular hospitalizations, and the need for revascularization procedures (Gibbons et al., 2002). This measure is intended to promote beta-blocker usage in select patients with CAD.
Show more >
For patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), beta-blockers are recommended for 3 years after myocardial infarction or acute coronary syndrome. Beta-blockers, particularly carvedilol, metoprolol succinate, or bisoprolol which have been shown to reduce risk of death, are recommended indefinitely for patients with CAD and LV systolic dysfunction. These agents have proven efficacy in reducing angina onset and improving the ischemic threshold during exercise. In patients who have suffered an MI, beta-blockers significantly reduce deaths and recurrent MIs (Fihn et al., 2012). Nonadherence to cardioprotective medications is prevalent among outpatients with CAD and can be associated with a broad range of adverse outcomes, including all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular hospitalizations, and the need for revascularization procedures (Gibbons et al., 2002). This measure is intended to promote beta-blocker usage in select patients with CAD.
Show less |
| Clinical Recommendation Statement |
*See
CMS145v11.html
|
Beta-blocker therapy should be started and continued for 3 years in all patients with normal LV function after MI or ACS (Class I, Level of Evidence: B) (ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS, 2012). Beta-blocker therapy should be used in all patients with LV systolic dysfunction (EF <= 40%)... with heart failure or prior MI, unless contraindicated. (Use should be limited to carvedilol, metoprolol succinate, or bisoprolol, which have been shown to reduce risk of death.) (Class I, Level of Evidence: A) (ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS, 2012).
Show more >
Beta-blocker therapy should be started and continued for 3 years in all patients with normal LV function after MI or ACS (Class I, Level of Evidence: B) (ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS, 2012). Beta-blocker therapy should be used in all patients with LV systolic dysfunction (EF <= 40%) with heart failure or prior MI, unless contraindicated. (Use should be limited to carvedilol, metoprolol succinate, or bisoprolol, which have been shown to reduce risk of death.) (Class I, Level of Evidence: A) (ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS, 2012).
Show less |
Beta-blocker therapy should be started and continued for 3 years in all patients with normal LV function after MI or acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (Class I, Level of Evidence: B) (Fihn et al., 2012). Beta-blocker therapy should be used in all patients with LV systolic dysfunction (EF <=... 40%) with heart failure or prior MI, unless contraindicated. (Use should be limited to carvedilol, metoprolol succinate, or bisoprolol, which have been shown to reduce risk of death.) (Class I, Level of Evidence: A) (Fihn et al., 2012). In patients with chronic coronary disease (CCD) and LVEF ≤40% with or without previous MI, the use of beta-blocker therapy is recommended to reduce the risk of future Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE), including cardiovascular death. (Class 1, Level of Evidence: A) (Virani et al., 2023)
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Beta-blocker therapy should be started and continued for 3 years in all patients with normal LV function after MI or acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (Class I, Level of Evidence: B) (Fihn et al., 2012). Beta-blocker therapy should be used in all patients with LV systolic dysfunction (EF <= 40%) with heart failure or prior MI, unless contraindicated. (Use should be limited to carvedilol, metoprolol succinate, or bisoprolol, which have been shown to reduce risk of death.) (Class I, Level of Evidence: A) (Fihn et al., 2012). In patients with chronic coronary disease (CCD) and LVEF ≤40% with or without previous MI, the use of beta-blocker therapy is recommended to reduce the risk of future Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE), including cardiovascular death. (Class 1, Level of Evidence: A) (Virani et al., 2023)
Show less |
| Improvement Notation |
Higher score indicates better quality
|
Higher score indicates better quality
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Higher score indicates better quality
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| Definition |
*See
CMS145v11.html
|
Prescribed may include prescription given to the patient for beta-blocker therapy at one or more visits in the measurement period OR patient already taking beta-blocker therapy as documented in current medication list. Prior Myocardial Infarction (MI) for denominator 2 is limited to those... occurring within the past 3 years. LVEF <= 40% corresponds to qualitative documentation of moderate dysfunction or severe dysfunction (LVSD). The LVSD may be determined by quantitative or qualitative assessment, which may be current or historical. Examples of a quantitative or qualitative assessment may include an echocardiogram: 1) that provides a numerical value of LVSD or 2) that uses descriptive terms such as moderately or severely depressed left ventricular systolic function. Any current or prior ejection fraction study documenting LVSD can be used to identify patients.
Show more >
Prescribed may include prescription given to the patient for beta-blocker therapy at one or more visits in the measurement period OR patient already taking beta-blocker therapy as documented in current medication list. Prior Myocardial Infarction (MI) for denominator 2 is limited to those occurring within the past 3 years. LVEF <= 40% corresponds to qualitative documentation of moderate dysfunction or severe dysfunction (LVSD). The LVSD may be determined by quantitative or qualitative assessment, which may be current or historical. Examples of a quantitative or qualitative assessment may include an echocardiogram: 1) that provides a numerical value of LVSD or 2) that uses descriptive terms such as moderately or severely depressed left ventricular systolic function. Any current or prior ejection fraction study documenting LVSD can be used to identify patients.
Show less |
Prescribed may include prescription given to the patient for beta-blocker therapy at one or more visits in the measurement period OR patient already taking beta-blocker therapy as documented in current medication list. Prior Myocardial Infarction (MI) for denominator 2 is limited to those... occurring within the past 3 years. LVEF <= 40% corresponds to qualitative documentation of moderate dysfunction or severe dysfunction (LVSD). The LVSD may be determined by quantitative or qualitative assessment, which may be current or historical. Examples of a quantitative or qualitative assessment may include an echocardiogram: 1) that provides a numerical value of LVSD or 2) that uses descriptive terms such as moderately or severely depressed left ventricular systolic function. Any current or prior ejection fraction study documenting LVSD can be used to identify patients.
Show more >
Prescribed may include prescription given to the patient for beta-blocker therapy at one or more visits in the measurement period OR patient already taking beta-blocker therapy as documented in current medication list. Prior Myocardial Infarction (MI) for denominator 2 is limited to those occurring within the past 3 years. LVEF <= 40% corresponds to qualitative documentation of moderate dysfunction or severe dysfunction (LVSD). The LVSD may be determined by quantitative or qualitative assessment, which may be current or historical. Examples of a quantitative or qualitative assessment may include an echocardiogram: 1) that provides a numerical value of LVSD or 2) that uses descriptive terms such as moderately or severely depressed left ventricular systolic function. Any current or prior ejection fraction study documenting LVSD can be used to identify patients.
Show less |
| Guidance |
Beta-blocker therapy: - For patients with prior MI, beta-blocker therapy includes any agent within the beta-blocker drug class. As of 2015, no recommendations or evidence are cited in current stable ischemic heart disease guidelines for preferential use of specific agents - For patients... with prior LVEF <=40%, beta-blocker therapy includes the following: bisoprolol, carvedilol, or sustained release metoprolol succinate The requirement of two or more visits is to establish that the eligible professional or eligible clinician has an existing relationship with the patient. A range value should satisfy the logic requirement for 'Ejection Fraction' as long as the ranged observation value clearly meets the less than or equal to 40% threshold noted in the denominator logic. A range that is greater than 40% would not meet the measure requirement. If a patient has had a myocardial infarction (MI) within the past 3 years and a current or prior LVEF <=40% (or moderate or severe LVSD), the patient should only be counted in Population Criteria 1. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM.
Show more >
Beta-blocker therapy: - For patients with prior MI, beta-blocker therapy includes any agent within the beta-blocker drug class. As of 2015, no recommendations or evidence are cited in current stable ischemic heart disease guidelines for preferential use of specific agents - For patients with prior LVEF <=40%, beta-blocker therapy includes the following: bisoprolol, carvedilol, or sustained release metoprolol succinate The requirement of two or more visits is to establish that the eligible professional or eligible clinician has an existing relationship with the patient. A range value should satisfy the logic requirement for 'Ejection Fraction' as long as the ranged observation value clearly meets the less than or equal to 40% threshold noted in the denominator logic. A range that is greater than 40% would not meet the measure requirement. If a patient has had a myocardial infarction (MI) within the past 3 years and a current or prior LVEF <=40% (or moderate or severe LVSD), the patient should only be counted in Population Criteria 1. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM.
Show less |
Beta-blocker therapy: - For patients with prior MI, beta-blocker therapy includes any agent within the beta-blocker drug class. As of 2015, no recommendations or evidence are cited in current stable ischemic heart disease guidelines for preferential use of specific agents - For patients... with prior LVEF <=40%, beta-blocker therapy includes the following: bisoprolol, carvedilol, or sustained release metoprolol succinate The requirement of two or more visits is to establish that the eligible professional or eligible clinician has an existing relationship with the patient. A range value should satisfy the logic requirement for 'Ejection Fraction' as long as the ranged observation value clearly meets the less than or equal to 40% threshold noted in the denominator logic. A range that is greater than 40% would not meet the measure requirement. In order for the Ejection Fraction result pathway to be recognized as below 40%, the result must be reported as a number with unit of %. A text string of "below 40%" or "ejection fraction between 35 and 40%" will not be recognized through electronic data capture. Although, this criteria can also be met using the Diagnosis pathway if specified as "Moderate or Severe." If a patient has had a myocardial infarction (MI) within the past 3 years and a current or prior LVEF <=40% (or moderate or severe LVSD), the patient should only be counted in Population Criteria 1. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM.
Show more >
Beta-blocker therapy: - For patients with prior MI, beta-blocker therapy includes any agent within the beta-blocker drug class. As of 2015, no recommendations or evidence are cited in current stable ischemic heart disease guidelines for preferential use of specific agents - For patients with prior LVEF <=40%, beta-blocker therapy includes the following: bisoprolol, carvedilol, or sustained release metoprolol succinate The requirement of two or more visits is to establish that the eligible professional or eligible clinician has an existing relationship with the patient. A range value should satisfy the logic requirement for 'Ejection Fraction' as long as the ranged observation value clearly meets the less than or equal to 40% threshold noted in the denominator logic. A range that is greater than 40% would not meet the measure requirement. In order for the Ejection Fraction result pathway to be recognized as below 40%, the result must be reported as a number with unit of %. A text string of "below 40%" or "ejection fraction between 35 and 40%" will not be recognized through electronic data capture. Although, this criteria can also be met using the Diagnosis pathway if specified as "Moderate or Severe." If a patient has had a myocardial infarction (MI) within the past 3 years and a current or prior LVEF <=40% (or moderate or severe LVSD), the patient should only be counted in Population Criteria 1. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM.
Show less |
Beta-blocker therapy: - For patients with prior MI, beta-blocker therapy includes any agent within the beta-blocker drug class. As of 2015, no recommendations or evidence are cited in current stable ischemic heart disease guidelines for preferential use of specific agents. - For patients... with prior LVEF <=40%, beta-blocker therapy includes the following: bisoprolol, carvedilol, or sustained release metoprolol succinate. The requirement of two or more visits is to establish that the eligible clinician has an existing relationship with the patient. A range value should satisfy the logic requirement for 'Ejection Fraction' as long as the ranged observation value clearly meets the less than or equal to 40% threshold noted in the denominator logic. A range that is greater than 40% would not meet the measure requirement. In order for the Ejection Fraction result pathway to be recognized as below 40%, the result must be reported as a number with unit of %. A text string of "below 40%" or "ejection fraction between 35 and 40%" will not be recognized through electronic data capture. Although, this criteria can also be met using the Diagnosis pathway if specified as "Moderate or Severe." If a patient has had a myocardial infarction (MI) within the past 3 years and a current or prior LVEF <=40% (or moderate or severe LVSD), the patient should only be counted in Population Criteria 1. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM.
Show more >
Beta-blocker therapy: - For patients with prior MI, beta-blocker therapy includes any agent within the beta-blocker drug class. As of 2015, no recommendations or evidence are cited in current stable ischemic heart disease guidelines for preferential use of specific agents. - For patients with prior LVEF <=40%, beta-blocker therapy includes the following: bisoprolol, carvedilol, or sustained release metoprolol succinate. The requirement of two or more visits is to establish that the eligible clinician has an existing relationship with the patient. A range value should satisfy the logic requirement for 'Ejection Fraction' as long as the ranged observation value clearly meets the less than or equal to 40% threshold noted in the denominator logic. A range that is greater than 40% would not meet the measure requirement. In order for the Ejection Fraction result pathway to be recognized as below 40%, the result must be reported as a number with unit of %. A text string of "below 40%" or "ejection fraction between 35 and 40%" will not be recognized through electronic data capture. Although, this criteria can also be met using the Diagnosis pathway if specified as "Moderate or Severe." If a patient has had a myocardial infarction (MI) within the past 3 years and a current or prior LVEF <=40% (or moderate or severe LVSD), the patient should only be counted in Population Criteria 1. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM.
Show less |
| Initial Population |
All patients aged 18 years and older with two qualifying encounters during the measurement period and a diagnosis of coronary artery disease
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All patients aged 18 years and older with two qualifying encounters during the measurement period and a diagnosis of coronary artery disease
|
All patients aged 18 years and older with two qualifying encounters during the measurement period and a diagnosis of coronary artery disease
|
| Denominator |
Equals Initial Population who also have prior (within the past 3 years) MI or a current or prior LVEF <=40%
|
Equals Initial Population who also have prior (within the past 3 years) MI or a current or prior LVEF <=40%
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Equals Initial Population who also have prior (within the past 3 years) MI or a current or prior LVEF <=40%
|
| Denominator Exclusions |
None
|
None
|
None
|
| Numerator |
Patients who were prescribed beta-blocker therapy
|
Patients who were prescribed beta-blocker therapy
|
Patients who were prescribed beta-blocker therapy
|
| Numerator Exclusions |
Not Applicable
|
Not Applicable
|
Not Applicable
|
| Denominator Exceptions |
Documentation of medical reason(s) for not prescribing beta-blocker therapy (e.g., arrhythmia, asthma, bradycardia, hypotension, patients with atrioventricular block without cardiac pacer, observation of consecutive heart rates <50, allergy, intolerance, other medical reasons). Documentat... ion of patient reason(s) for not prescribing beta-blocker therapy (e.g., patient declined, other patient reasons). Documentation of system reason(s) for not prescribing beta-blocker therapy (e.g., other reasons attributable to the health care system).
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Documentation of medical reason(s) for not prescribing beta-blocker therapy (e.g., arrhythmia, asthma, bradycardia, hypotension, patients with atrioventricular block without cardiac pacer, observation of consecutive heart rates <50, allergy, intolerance, other medical reasons). Documentation of patient reason(s) for not prescribing beta-blocker therapy (e.g., patient declined, other patient reasons). Documentation of system reason(s) for not prescribing beta-blocker therapy (e.g., other reasons attributable to the health care system).
Show less |
Documentation of medical reason(s) for not prescribing beta-blocker therapy (e.g., arrhythmia, asthma, bradycardia, hypotension, patients with atrioventricular block without cardiac pacer, observation of consecutive heart rates <50, allergy, intolerance, other medical reasons). Documentat... ion of patient reason(s) for not prescribing beta-blocker therapy (e.g., patient declined, other patient reasons).
Show more >
Documentation of medical reason(s) for not prescribing beta-blocker therapy (e.g., arrhythmia, asthma, bradycardia, hypotension, patients with atrioventricular block without cardiac pacer, observation of consecutive heart rates <50, allergy, intolerance, other medical reasons). Documentation of patient reason(s) for not prescribing beta-blocker therapy (e.g., patient declined, other patient reasons).
Show less |
Documentation of medical reason(s) for not prescribing beta-blocker therapy (e.g., arrhythmia, asthma, bradycardia, hypotension, patients with atrioventricular block without cardiac pacer, observation of consecutive heart rates <50, allergy, intolerance, other medical reasons). Documentat... ion of patient reason(s) for not prescribing beta-blocker therapy (e.g., patient declined, other patient reasons).
Show more >
Documentation of medical reason(s) for not prescribing beta-blocker therapy (e.g., arrhythmia, asthma, bradycardia, hypotension, patients with atrioventricular block without cardiac pacer, observation of consecutive heart rates <50, allergy, intolerance, other medical reasons). Documentation of patient reason(s) for not prescribing beta-blocker therapy (e.g., patient declined, other patient reasons).
Show less |
| Telehealth Eligible |
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
| Next Version |
|
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No Version Available
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| Previous Version |
No Version Available
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