Bone Density Evaluation for Patients with Prostate Cancer and Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy

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Measure Information	2023 Performance Period	2024 Performance Period	2025 Performance Period	2026 Performance Period
Title	Bone density evaluation for patients with prostate cancer and receiving androgen deprivation therapy	Bone density evaluation for patients with prostate cancer and receiving androgen deprivation therapy	Bone Density Evaluation for Patients with Prostate Cancer and Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy	Bone Density Evaluation for Patients with Prostate Cancer and Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy
CMS eCQM ID	CMS645v6	CMS645v7	CMS645v8	CMS645v9
CBE ID*	Not Applicable	Not Applicable	Not Applicable	Not Applicable
MIPS Quality ID	462	462	462	462
Measure Steward	Oregon Urology	Oregon Urology	Oregon Urology	Oregon Urology
Description	Patients determined as having prostate cancer who are currently starting or undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), for an anticipated period of 12 months or greater and who receive an initial bone density evaluation. The bone density evaluation must be prior to the start of ADT... or within 3 months of the start of ADT. Show more > Patients determined as having prostate cancer who are currently starting or undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), for an anticipated period of 12 months or greater and who receive an initial bone density evaluation. The bone density evaluation must be prior to the start of ADT or within 3 months of the start of ADT. Show less	Percentage of patients determined as having prostate cancer who are currently starting or undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), for an anticipated period of 12 months or greater and who receive an initial bone density evaluation. The bone density evaluation must be prior to the... start of ADT or within 3 months of the start of ADT. Show more > Percentage of patients determined as having prostate cancer who are currently starting or undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), for an anticipated period of 12 months or greater and who receive an initial bone density evaluation. The bone density evaluation must be prior to the start of ADT or within 3 months of the start of ADT. Show less	Percentage of patients determined as having prostate cancer who are currently starting or undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), for an anticipated period of 12 months or greater and who receive an initial bone density evaluation. The bone density evaluation must be prior to the... start of ADT or within 3 months of the start of ADT. Show more > Percentage of patients determined as having prostate cancer who are currently starting or undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), for an anticipated period of 12 months or greater and who receive an initial bone density evaluation. The bone density evaluation must be prior to the start of ADT or within 3 months of the start of ADT. Show less	Percentage of patients determined as having prostate cancer who are currently starting or undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), for an anticipated period of 12 months or greater and who receive an initial bone density evaluation. The bone density evaluation must be prior to the... start of ADT or within 3 months of the start of ADT. Show more > Percentage of patients determined as having prostate cancer who are currently starting or undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), for an anticipated period of 12 months or greater and who receive an initial bone density evaluation. The bone density evaluation must be prior to the start of ADT or within 3 months of the start of ADT. Show less
Measure Scoring	Proportion measure	Proportion measure	Proportion measure	Proportion measure
Measure Type	Process	Process	Process	Process
Stratification	*See CMS645v6.html	None	None	None
Risk Adjustment	*See CMS645v6.html	None	None	None
Rationale	*See CMS645v6.html	Androgen suppression as a treatment for prostate cancer can cause osteoporosis (Qaseem, 2008). Men undergoing prolonged androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) incur bone loss at a rate higher than menopausal women (Guise, 2007). In preserving bone health, the goal is to prevent or treat... osteopenia/osteoporosis for the patient on ADT and to prevent or delay skeletal related events. The National Osteoporosis Foundation recommendations including a baseline assessment of bone density with a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan and daily calcium and Vitamin D supplementation (Watts, 2012). The DEXA scan is the gold standard for bone density screening. Men at risk for adverse bone consequences from chronic ADT do not always receive care according to evidence-based guidelines. These findings call for improved processes that standardize evidence-based practice including baseline and follow up bone density assessment (Watts, 2012). Show more > Androgen suppression as a treatment for prostate cancer can cause osteoporosis (Qaseem, 2008). Men undergoing prolonged androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) incur bone loss at a rate higher than menopausal women (Guise, 2007). In preserving bone health, the goal is to prevent or treat osteopenia/osteoporosis for the patient on ADT and to prevent or delay skeletal related events. The National Osteoporosis Foundation recommendations including a baseline assessment of bone density with a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan and daily calcium and Vitamin D supplementation (Watts, 2012). The DEXA scan is the gold standard for bone density screening. Men at risk for adverse bone consequences from chronic ADT do not always receive care according to evidence-based guidelines. These findings call for improved processes that standardize evidence-based practice including baseline and follow up bone density assessment (Watts, 2012). Show less	Androgen suppression as a treatment for prostate cancer can cause osteoporosis (Qaseem, 2008). Men undergoing prolonged androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) incur bone loss at a rate higher than menopausal women (Guise, 2007). In preserving bone health, the goal is to prevent or treat... osteopenia/osteoporosis for the patient on ADT and to prevent or delay skeletal related events. The National Osteoporosis Foundation recommendations including a baseline assessment of bone density with a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan and daily calcium and Vitamin D supplementation (Watts, 2012). The DEXA scan is the gold standard for bone density screening. Men at risk for adverse bone consequences from chronic ADT do not always receive care according to evidence-based guidelines. These findings call for improved processes that standardize evidence-based practice including baseline and follow up bone density assessment (Watts, 2012). Show more > Androgen suppression as a treatment for prostate cancer can cause osteoporosis (Qaseem, 2008). Men undergoing prolonged androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) incur bone loss at a rate higher than menopausal women (Guise, 2007). In preserving bone health, the goal is to prevent or treat osteopenia/osteoporosis for the patient on ADT and to prevent or delay skeletal related events. The National Osteoporosis Foundation recommendations including a baseline assessment of bone density with a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan and daily calcium and Vitamin D supplementation (Watts, 2012). The DEXA scan is the gold standard for bone density screening. Men at risk for adverse bone consequences from chronic ADT do not always receive care according to evidence-based guidelines. These findings call for improved processes that standardize evidence-based practice including baseline and follow up bone density assessment (Watts, 2012). Show less	Androgen suppression as a treatment for prostate cancer can cause osteoporosis (Qaseem, 2008). Patients with prostate cancer undergoing prolonged androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) incur bone loss at a rate higher than menopausal patients (Guise, 2007). In preserving bone health, the... goal is to prevent or treat osteopenia/osteoporosis for the patient on ADT and to prevent or delay skeletal-related events. The National Osteoporosis Foundation recommendations include a baseline assessment of bone density with a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan and daily calcium and Vitamin D supplementation (Watts, 2012). The DEXA scan is the gold standard for bone density screening. Patients at risk for adverse bone consequences from chronic ADT do not always receive care according to evidence-based guidelines. These findings call for improved processes that standardize evidence-based practice, including baseline and follow-up bone density assessment (Watts, 2012). Show more > Androgen suppression as a treatment for prostate cancer can cause osteoporosis (Qaseem, 2008). Patients with prostate cancer undergoing prolonged androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) incur bone loss at a rate higher than menopausal patients (Guise, 2007). In preserving bone health, the goal is to prevent or treat osteopenia/osteoporosis for the patient on ADT and to prevent or delay skeletal-related events. The National Osteoporosis Foundation recommendations include a baseline assessment of bone density with a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan and daily calcium and Vitamin D supplementation (Watts, 2012). The DEXA scan is the gold standard for bone density screening. Patients at risk for adverse bone consequences from chronic ADT do not always receive care according to evidence-based guidelines. These findings call for improved processes that standardize evidence-based practice, including baseline and follow-up bone density assessment (Watts, 2012). Show less
Clinical Recommendation Statement	*See CMS645v6.html	Bone density screening should be performed at the start of Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer. It should also be performed every 2 years for the patient with continued ADT or for patients with known osteoporosis. Current insurance practice is to possibly cover the... cost of bone density screening if osteoporosis is known or if there is a high-risk drug. Some patients choose to delay bone density screening until after ADT is started and they therefore have insurance authorization due to the administration of a high-risk drug. Show more > Bone density screening should be performed at the start of Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer. It should also be performed every 2 years for the patient with continued ADT or for patients with known osteoporosis. Current insurance practice is to possibly cover the cost of bone density screening if osteoporosis is known or if there is a high-risk drug. Some patients choose to delay bone density screening until after ADT is started and they therefore have insurance authorization due to the administration of a high-risk drug. Show less	Bone density screening should be performed at the start of Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer. It should also be performed every 2 years for the patient with continued ADT or for patients with known osteoporosis. Current insurance practice is to possibly cover the... cost of bone density screening if osteoporosis is known or if there is a high-risk drug. Some patients choose to delay bone density screening until after ADT is started and they therefore have insurance authorization due to the administration of a high-risk drug. Show more > Bone density screening should be performed at the start of Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer. It should also be performed every 2 years for the patient with continued ADT or for patients with known osteoporosis. Current insurance practice is to possibly cover the cost of bone density screening if osteoporosis is known or if there is a high-risk drug. Some patients choose to delay bone density screening until after ADT is started and they therefore have insurance authorization due to the administration of a high-risk drug. Show less	Bone density screening should be performed at the start of Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer. It should also be performed every 2 years for the patient with continued ADT or for patients with known osteoporosis. Current insurance practice is to possibly cover the... cost of bone density screening if osteoporosis is known or if there is a high-risk drug. Some patients choose to delay bone density screening until after ADT is started and they therefore have insurance authorization due to the administration of a high-risk drug. Show more > Bone density screening should be performed at the start of Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer. It should also be performed every 2 years for the patient with continued ADT or for patients with known osteoporosis. Current insurance practice is to possibly cover the cost of bone density screening if osteoporosis is known or if there is a high-risk drug. Some patients choose to delay bone density screening until after ADT is started and they therefore have insurance authorization due to the administration of a high-risk drug. Show less
Improvement Notation	A higher score indicates better quality	A higher score indicates better quality	A higher score indicates better quality	Higher score indicates better quality
Definition	*See CMS645v6.html	DEXA - Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry - A scan that measures the bone of the spine, hip or total body and measures bone mineral density. It is considered one of the most accurate measurements. PDXA - Peripheral Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry - Bone mineral density measurement of the... wrist, heel or finger. First Androgen Deprivation Therapy - The first Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) is measured as the first order or administration of ADT for an anticipated period of 12 months or greater to a patient with prostate cancer. Show more > DEXA - Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry - A scan that measures the bone of the spine, hip or total body and measures bone mineral density. It is considered one of the most accurate measurements. PDXA - Peripheral Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry - Bone mineral density measurement of the wrist, heel or finger. First Androgen Deprivation Therapy - The first Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) is measured as the first order or administration of ADT for an anticipated period of 12 months or greater to a patient with prostate cancer. Show less	DEXA - Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry - A scan that measures the bone of the spine, hip or total body and measures bone mineral density. It is considered one of the most accurate measurements. PDXA - Peripheral Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry - Bone mineral density measurement of the... wrist, heel or finger. First Androgen Deprivation Therapy - The first Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) is measured as the first order or administration of ADT for an anticipated period of 12 months or greater to a patient with prostate cancer. Show more > DEXA - Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry - A scan that measures the bone of the spine, hip or total body and measures bone mineral density. It is considered one of the most accurate measurements. PDXA - Peripheral Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry - Bone mineral density measurement of the wrist, heel or finger. First Androgen Deprivation Therapy - The first Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) is measured as the first order or administration of ADT for an anticipated period of 12 months or greater to a patient with prostate cancer. Show less	DEXA - Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry - A scan that measures the bone of the spine, hip, or total body and measures bone mineral density. It is considered one of the most accurate measurements. PDXA - Peripheral Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry - Bone mineral density measurement of the... wrist, heel, or finger. First Androgen Deprivation Therapy - The first Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) is measured as the first order or administration of ADT for an anticipated period of 12 months or greater to a patient with prostate cancer. Show more > DEXA - Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry - A scan that measures the bone of the spine, hip, or total body and measures bone mineral density. It is considered one of the most accurate measurements. PDXA - Peripheral Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry - Bone mineral density measurement of the wrist, heel, or finger. First Androgen Deprivation Therapy - The first Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) is measured as the first order or administration of ADT for an anticipated period of 12 months or greater to a patient with prostate cancer. Show less
Guidance	In order to capture the practitioner's intent of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for a period of 12 months or greater, SNOMEDCT 456381000124102 which is Injection of leuprolide acetate for twelve month period (regime/therapy) is the correct code. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. Th... is version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM. Show more > In order to capture the practitioner's intent of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for a period of 12 months or greater, SNOMEDCT 456381000124102 which is Injection of leuprolide acetate for twelve month period (regime/therapy) is the correct code. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM. Show less	In order to capture the practitioner's intent of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for a period of 12 months or greater, SNOMEDCT 456381000124102 which is Injection of leuprolide acetate for twelve month period (regime/therapy) is the correct code. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. Th... is version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM. Show more > In order to capture the practitioner's intent of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for a period of 12 months or greater, SNOMEDCT 456381000124102 which is Injection of leuprolide acetate for twelve month period (regime/therapy) is the correct code. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM. Show less	In order to capture the practitioner's intent of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for a period of 12 months or greater, SNOMEDCT 456381000124102 which is Injection of leuprolide acetate for twelve-month period (regime/therapy) is the correct code. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. Th... is version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM. Show more > In order to capture the practitioner's intent of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for a period of 12 months or greater, SNOMEDCT 456381000124102 which is Injection of leuprolide acetate for twelve-month period (regime/therapy) is the correct code. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM. Show less	In order to capture the practitioner's intent of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for a period of 12 months or greater, SNOMEDCT 456381000124102 which is Injection of leuprolide acetate for the twelve-month period (regime/therapy) is the correct code. This eCQM is a patient-based... measure. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM. Show more > In order to capture the practitioner's intent of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for a period of 12 months or greater, SNOMEDCT 456381000124102 which is Injection of leuprolide acetate for the twelve-month period (regime/therapy) is the correct code. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM. Show less
Initial Population	Male patients with a qualifying encounter in the measurement period AND with a diagnosis of prostate cancer AND with an order for ADT or an active medication of ADT with an intent for treatment greater than or equal to 12 months during the measurement period	Male patients with a qualifying encounter in the measurement period AND with a diagnosis of prostate cancer AND with an order for ADT or an active medication of ADT with an intent for treatment greater than or equal to 12 months during the measurement period	Patients with a qualifying encounter in the measurement period AND with a diagnosis of prostate cancer AND with an order for ADT or an active medication of ADT with an intent for treatment greater than or equal to 12 months during the measurement period AND order for ADT in 3 months... before to 9 months after the start of the measurement period Show more > Patients with a qualifying encounter in the measurement period AND with a diagnosis of prostate cancer AND with an order for ADT or an active medication of ADT with an intent for treatment greater than or equal to 12 months during the measurement period AND order for ADT in 3 months before to 9 months after the start of the measurement period Show less	Patients with a qualifying encounter in the measurement period AND with a diagnosis of prostate cancer AND with an order for ADT or an active medication of ADT with an intent for treatment greater than or equal to 12 months during the measurement period AND order for ADT in 3 months... before to 9 months after the start of the measurement period Show more > Patients with a qualifying encounter in the measurement period AND with a diagnosis of prostate cancer AND with an order for ADT or an active medication of ADT with an intent for treatment greater than or equal to 12 months during the measurement period AND order for ADT in 3 months before to 9 months after the start of the measurement period Show less
Denominator	Equals Initial Population	Equals Initial Population	Equals Initial Population	Equals Initial Population
Denominator Exclusions	None	None	None	None
Numerator	Patients with a bone density evaluation within the two years prior to the start of or less than three months after the start of ADT treatment	Patients with a bone density evaluation within the two years prior to the start of or less than three months after the start of ADT treatment	Patients with a bone density evaluation within the two years prior to the start of or less than three months after the start of ADT treatment	Patients with a bone density evaluation within the two years prior to the start of or less than three months after the start of ADT treatment
Numerator Exclusions	Not Applicable	Not Applicable	Not Applicable	None
Denominator Exceptions	Patient refused the bone density evaluation at the time ordered or did not have it performed within 3 months after the start of ADT	Patient refused the bone density evaluation at the time ordered or did not have it performed within 3 months after the start of ADT	Patient refused the bone density evaluation at the time ordered or did not have it performed within 3 months after the start of ADT	Patient refused the bone density evaluation at the time ordered or did not have it performed within 3 months after the start of ADT
Telehealth Eligible	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Next Version	CMS645v7	CMS645v8	CMS645v9	No Version Available
Previous Version	No Version Available	CMS645v6	CMS645v7	CMS645v8

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Specifications

Additional Resources for CMS645v9

CMS645-v9.0.000-TRN.xlsx

Header

TRN	Measure Section	Source of Change
Changed the 'eCQM Identifier (Measure Authoring Tool)' field name to 'CMS ID' based on tooling updates.	CMS ID	Standards/Technical Update
Updated the eCQM version number.	eCQM Version Number	Annual Update
Updated the generic measurement period from 'January 1, 20XX through December 31, 20XX' to specify 'January 1, 2026 through December 31, 2026' based on tooling updates.	Measurement Period	Standards/Technical Update
Updated copyright.	Copyright	Annual Update
Revised 'Improvement Notation' field to read 'Higher score indicates better quality' for concision.	Improvement Notation	Annual Update
Changed 'Numerator Exclusions' field to read 'None' instead of 'Not Applicable' when no exclusions are present.	Numerator Exclusions	Standards/Technical Update
Updated grammar, wording, and/or formatting to improve readability and consistency.	Multiple Sections	Annual Update

Logic

TRN	Measure Section	Source of Change
Updated Measure Primary CQL Library Name from 'BoneDensityProstateCancerAndrogenDeprivationTherapy' to 'CMS645BoneDensityForAndrogenDeprivationQDM' for alignment with the CQL Style Guide.	Definitions	Standards/Technical Update
Updated the version number of the Global Common Functions Library to v9.0.000 and the library name from 'MATGlobalCommonFunctionsQDM' to 'CQMCommonQDM.'	Definitions	Annual Update
Updated Measure Primary CQL Library Name from 'BoneDensityProstateCancerAndrogenDeprivationTherapy' to 'CMS645BoneDensityForAndrogenDeprivationQDM' for alignment with the CQL Style Guide.	Functions	Standards/Technical Update
Updated the version number of the Global Common Functions Library to v9.0.000 and the library name from 'MATGlobalCommonFunctionsQDM' to 'CQMCommonQDM.'	Functions	Annual Update

Value Set

The VSAC is the source of truth for the value set content, please visit the VSAC for downloads of current value sets.

TRN	Measure Section	Source of Change
Replaced Value Set 'Androgen deprivation therapy for Urology Care' (2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1151.48) with 'Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Urology Care' (2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1248.352).	Terminology	Annual Update
Replaced Value Set 'DEXA Dual Energy Xray Absorptiometry, Bone Density for Urology Care' (2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1151.38) with Value Set 'DEXA Bone Density for Urology Care' (2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1248.359).	Terminology	Annual Update
Value Set 'Office Visit' (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1001): Added 1 SNOMEDCT code (185349003) based on review by technical experts, SMEs and/or public feedback.	Terminology	Annual Update
Replaced Value Set 'ONC Administrative Sex' (2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1) with Value Set 'Federal Administrative Sex' (2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1021.121) to represent Supplemental Data Element 'SDE Sex' based on revised standards.	Terminology	Standards/Technical Update
Value Set 'Patient Declined' (2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1582): Added 1 SNOMEDCT code (1296859006) based on code system/terminology updates. Deleted 1 SNOMEDCT code (105480006) based on code system/terminology updates.	Terminology	Annual Update
Value Set 'Prostate Cancer' (2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.319): Added 1 SNOMEDCT code (1208457007) based on code system/terminology updates. Deleted 1 SNOMEDCT code (396198006) based on code system/terminology updates.	Terminology	Annual Update