Documentation of Current Medications in the Medical Record

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Measure Information	2022 Performance Period	2023 Performance Period	2024 Performance Period	2025 Performance Period
Title	Documentation of Current Medications in the Medical Record	Documentation of Current Medications in the Medical Record	Documentation of Current Medications in the Medical Record	Documentation of Current Medications in the Medical Record
CMS eCQM ID	CMS68v11	CMS68v12	CMS68v13	CMS68v14
CBE ID*	Not Applicable	Not Applicable	Not Applicable	Not Applicable
MIPS Quality ID	130	130	130	130
Measure Steward	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)
Description	Percentage of visits for patients aged 18 years and older for which the eligible professional or eligible clinician attests to documenting a list of current medications using all immediate resources available on the date of the encounter	Percentage of visits for patients aged 18 years and older for which the eligible clinician attests to documenting a list of current medications using all immediate resources available on the date of the encounter	Percentage of visits for patients aged 18 years and older for which the eligible clinician attests to documenting a list of current medications using all immediate resources available on the date of the encounter	Percentage of visits for which the eligible clinician attests to documenting a list of current medications using all immediate resources available on the date of the encounter
Measure Scoring	Proportion measure	Proportion measure	Proportion measure	Proportion measure
Measure Type	Process	Process	Process	Process
Stratification	*See CMS68v11.html	*See CMS68v12.html	None	None
Risk Adjustment	*See CMS68v11.html	*See CMS68v12.html	None	None
Rationale	*See CMS68v11.html	*See CMS68v12.html	According to the National Center for Health Statistics, during the years of 2013-2016, 48.4% of patients (both male and female) were prescribed at least one prescription medication with 12.6% taking 5 or more medications. Additionally, 89.8% of patients (both male and female) aged 65 years and older were prescribed at least one medication with 40.9% taking 5 or more medications (2018). In this context, maintaining an accurate and complete medication list has proven to be a challenging documentation endeavor for various health care provider settings. While most of outpatient encounters (two-thirds) result in providers prescribing at least one medication, hospitals have been the focus of medication safety efforts (Stock, Scott, & Gurtel, 2009). Nassaralla, Naessens, Chaudhry, Hansen, and Scheitel (2007) caution that this is at odds with the current trend, where patients with chronic illnesses are increasingly being treated in the outpatient setting and require careful monitoring of multiple medications. Additionally, Nassaralla et al. (2007) reveal that it is in fact in outpatient settings where more fatal adverse drug events (ADE) occur when these are compared to those occurring in hospitals (1 of 131 outpatient deaths compared to 1 in 854 inpatient deaths). In the outpatient setting, ADEs occur 25% of the time and over one-third of these are considered preventable (Tache, Sonnichsen, & Ashcroft, 2011). Particularly vulnerable are patients over 65 years, with evidence suggesting that the rate of ADEs per 10,000 person per year increases with age; 25-44 years old at 1.3; 45-64 at 2.2, and 65 + at 3.8 (Sarkar, López, Maselli, & Gonzales, 2011). Other vulnerable groups include individuals who are chronically ill or disabled (Nabhanizadeh, Oppewal, Boot, & Maes-Festen, 2019). These population groups are more likely to experience ADEs and subsequent hospitalization. A multiplicity of providers and inadequate care coordination among them has been identified as barriers to collecting complete and reliable medication records. A study conducted by Poornima et al. (2015) indicates that reconciliation and documentation continue to be poorly executed with discrepancies occurring in 92% of patients (74 of 80) admitted to the emergency room. Of 80 patients included in the study, the home medications were reordered for 65% of patients on their admission. Of the 65%, 29% had a change in their dosing interval, while 23% had a change in their route of administration, and 13% had a change in dose. A total of 361 medication discrepancies, or the difference between the medications patients were taking before admission and those listed in their admission orders, were identified in at least 74 patients. The study found that "Through an appropriate reconciliation programme, around 80% of errors relating to medication and the potential harm caused by these errors could be reduced" (Poornima et al., 2015). Presley et al. (2020) also recognized specific barriers to sufficient medication documentation and reconciliation in rural and resource-limited care settings. Documentation of current medications in the medical record facilitates the process of medication review and reconciliation by the provider, which is necessary for reducing ADEs and promoting medication safety. The need for provider to provider coordination regarding medication records, and the existing gap in implementation, is highlighted in the American Medical Association's Physician's Role in Medication Reconciliation, which states that "critical patient information, including medical and medication histories, current medications the patient is receiving and taking, and sources of medications, is essential to the delivery of safe medical care. However, interruptions in the continuity of care and information gaps in patient health records are common and significantly affect patient outcomes" (2007). This is because clinical decisions based on information that is incomplete and/or inaccurate are likely to lead to medication error and ADEs. Weeks, Corbette, and Stream (2010) noted similar barriers and identified the utilization of health information technology as an opportunity for facilitating the creation of universal medication lists. One 2015 meta-analysis showed an association between electronic health record (EHR) documentation with an overall risk ratio (RR) of 0.46 (95% CI = 0.38 to 0.55; P < 0.001) and ADEs with an overall RR of 0.66 (95% CI = 0.44 to 0.99; P = 0.045). This meta-analysis provides evidence that the use of the EHR can improve the quality of healthcare delivered to patients by reducing medication errors and ADEs (Campanella et al., 2016).	According to the National Center for Health Statistics, during the years of 2013-2016, 48.4% of patients (both male and female) were prescribed at least one prescription medication with 12.6% taking 5 or more medications. Additionally, 89.8% of patients (both male and female) aged 65 years and older were prescribed at least one medication with 40.9% taking 5 or more medications (2018). In this context, maintaining an accurate and complete medication list has proven to be a challenging documentation endeavor for various health care provider settings. While most of outpatient encounters (two-thirds) result in providers prescribing at least one medication, hospitals have been the focus of medication safety efforts (Stock, Scott, & Gurtel, 2009). Nassaralla, Naessens, Chaudhry, Hansen, and Scheitel (2007) caution that this is at odds with the current trend, where patients with chronic illnesses are increasingly being treated in the outpatient setting and require careful monitoring of multiple medications. Additionally, Nassaralla et al. (2007) reveal that it is in fact in outpatient settings where more fatal adverse drug events (ADE) occur when these are compared to those occurring in hospitals (1 of 131 outpatient deaths compared to 1 in 854 inpatient deaths). In the outpatient setting, ADEs occur 25% of the time and over one-third of these are considered preventable (Tache, Sonnichsen, & Ashcroft, 2011). Particularly vulnerable are patients over 65 years, with evidence suggesting that the rate of ADEs per 10,000 person per year increases with age; 25-44 years old at 1.3; 45-64 at 2.2, and 65 + at 3.8 (Sarkar, López, Maselli, & Gonzales, 2011). Other vulnerable groups include individuals who are chronically ill or disabled (Nabhanizadeh, Oppewal, Boot, & Maes-Festen, 2019). These population groups are more likely to experience ADEs and subsequent hospitalization. A multiplicity of providers and inadequate care coordination among them has been identified as barriers to collecting complete and reliable medication records. A study conducted by Poornima et al. (2015) indicates that reconciliation and documentation continue to be poorly executed with discrepancies occurring in 92% of patients (74 of 80) admitted to the emergency room. Of 80 patients included in the study, the home medications were reordered for 65% of patients on their admission. Of the 65%, 29% had a change in their dosing interval, while 23% had a change in their route of administration, and 13% had a change in dose. A total of 361 medication discrepancies, or the difference between the medications patients were taking before admission and those listed in their admission orders, were identified in at least 74 patients. The study found that "Through an appropriate reconciliation programme, around 80% of errors relating to medication and the potential harm caused by these errors could be reduced" (Poornima et al., 2015). Presley et al. (2020) also recognized specific barriers to sufficient medication documentation and reconciliation in rural and resource-limited care settings. Documentation of current medications in the medical record facilitates the process of medication review and reconciliation by the provider, which is necessary for reducing ADEs and promoting medication safety. The need for provider to provider coordination regarding medication records, and the existing gap in implementation, is highlighted in the American Medical Association's Physician's Role in Medication Reconciliation, which states that "critical patient information, including medical and medication histories, current medications the patient is receiving and taking, and sources of medications, is essential to the delivery of safe medical care. However, interruptions in the continuity of care and information gaps in patient health records are common and significantly affect patient outcomes" (2007). This is because clinical decisions based on information that is incomplete and/or inaccurate are likely to lead to medication error and ADEs. Weeks, Corbette, and Stream (2010) noted similar barriers and identified the utilization of health information technology as an opportunity for facilitating the creation of universal medication lists. One 2015 meta-analysis showed an association between electronic health record (EHR) documentation with an overall risk ratio (RR) of 0.46 (95% CI = 0.38 to 0.55; P < 0.001) and ADEs with an overall RR of 0.66 (95% CI = 0.44 to 0.99; P = 0.045). This meta-analysis provides evidence that the use of the EHR can improve the quality of healthcare delivered to patients by reducing medication errors and ADEs (Campanella et al., 2016).
Clinical Recommendation Statement	*See CMS68v11.html	*See CMS68v12.html	The Joint Commission's 2020 Ambulatory Health Care National Patient Safety Goals guide providers to maintain and communicate accurate patient medication information. Specifically, the section "Use Medicines Safely NPSG.03.06.01" states the following: “Record and pass along correct information about a patient’s medicines. Find out what medicines the patient is taking. Compare those medicines to new medicines given to the patient. Give the patient written information about the medicines they need to take. Tell the patient it is important to bring their up-to-date list of medicines every time they visit a doctor.” The National Quality Forum's Safe Practices for Better Healthcare (2010), states the following: "the healthcare organization must develop, reconcile, and communicate an accurate patient medication list throughout the continuum of care."	The Joint Commission's 2023 Ambulatory Health Care National Patient Safety Goals guide clinicians to maintain and communicate accurate patient medication information (2023). Specifically, the section NPSG.03.06.01 "Maintain and communicate accurate patient medication information" states the following: "Obtain and/or update information on the medications the patient is currently taking. This information is documented in a list or other format that is useful to those who manage medication. Compare the medication information the patient brought to the organization with the medications ordered for the patient by the organization in order to identify and resolve discrepancies.” The Joint Commission's 2023 Hospital National Patient Safety Goals also addressed documenting current medications (2023). Specifically, the section NPSG.03.06.01 "Maintain and communicate accurate patient information" states the following: "Obtain information on the medications the patient is currently taking when they are admitted to the hospital or is seen in an outpatient setting. This information is documented in a list or other format that is useful to those who manage medications." The National Quality Forum's Safe Practices for Better Healthcare (2010), states the following: "The healthcare organization must develop, reconcile, and communicate an accurate patient medication list throughout the continuum of care."
Improvement Notation	Higher score indicates better quality	Higher score indicates better quality	Higher score indicates better quality	Higher score indicates better quality
Definition	*See CMS68v11.html	*See CMS68v12.html	Current Medications: Medications the patient is presently taking including all prescriptions, over-the-counter products, herbals, vitamins, minerals, dietary (nutritional) supplements, and cannabis/cannabidiol products with each medication's name, dosage, frequency and administered route. Route: Documentation of the way the medication enters the body (some examples include but are not limited to: oral, sublingual, subcutaneous injections, and/or topical).	Current Medications: Medications the patient is presently taking including all prescriptions, over-the-counter products, herbals, vitamins, minerals, dietary (nutritional) supplements, and cannabis/cannabidiol (CBD) products with each medication's name, dosage, frequency and administered route. Route: Documentation of the way the medication enters the body (some examples include but are not limited to: oral, sublingual, subcutaneous injections, and/or topical).
Guidance	This eCQM is an episode-based measure. An episode is defined as each eligible encounter during the measurement period. This measure is to be reported for every encounter during the measurement period. Eligible professionals or eligible clinicians reporting this measure may document medication information received from the patient, authorized representative(s), caregiver(s) or other available healthcare resources. By reporting the action described in this measure, the provider attests to having documented a list of current medications utilizing all immediate resources available at the time of the encounter. This list must include all known prescriptions, over-the-counter (OTC) products, herbals, vitamins, minerals, dietary (nutritional) supplements AND must contain the medications' name, dosage, frequency and route of administration. This measure should also be reported if the eligible professional or eligible clinician documented the patient is not currently taking any medications. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.5. Please refer to the eCQI resource center for more information on the QDM.	This eCQM is an episode-based measure. An episode is defined as each eligible encounter during the measurement period. This measure is to be reported for every encounter during the measurement period. Eligible clinicians reporting this measure may document medication information received from the patient, authorized representative(s), caregiver(s) or other available healthcare resources. By reporting the action described in this measure, the provider attests to having documented a list of current medications utilizing all immediate resources available at the time of the encounter. This list must include all known prescriptions, over-the-counter (OTC) products, herbals, vitamins, minerals, dietary (nutritional) supplements, cannabis/cannabidiol products AND must contain the medications' name, dosage, frequency and route of administration. This measure should also be reported if the eligible clinician documented the patient is not currently taking any medications. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM.	This eCQM is an episode-based measure. An episode is defined as each eligible encounter during the measurement period. This measure is to be reported for every encounter during the measurement period. Eligible clinicians reporting this measure may document medication information received from the patient, authorized representative(s), caregiver(s) or other available healthcare resources. By reporting the action described in this measure, the provider attests to having documented a list of current medications utilizing all immediate resources available at the time of the encounter. This list must include all known prescriptions, over-the-counter products, herbals, vitamins, minerals, dietary (nutritional) supplements, cannabis/cannabidiol products AND must contain the medications' name, dosage, frequency and route of administration. This measure should also be reported if the eligible clinician documented the patient is not currently taking any medications. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM.	This eCQM is an episode-based measure. An episode is defined as each eligible encounter during the measurement period. This measure is to be reported for every eligible encounter during the measurement period. Eligible clinicians reporting this measure may document medication information received from the patient, authorized representative(s), caregiver(s) or other available healthcare resources. By reporting the action described in this measure, the provider attests to having documented a list of current medications utilizing all immediate resources available on the day of the encounter. This list must include all known prescriptions, over-the-counter products, herbals, vitamins, minerals, dietary (nutritional) supplements, cannabis/cannabidiol (CBD) products AND must contain the medications' name, dosage, frequency and route of administration. This measure should also be reported if the eligible clinician documented the patient is not currently taking any medications. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM.
Initial Population	All visits occurring during the 12-month measurement period for patients aged 18 years and older	All visits occurring during the 12-month measurement period for patients aged 18 years and older	All visits occurring during the 12-month measurement period for patients aged 18 years and older	All visits occurring during the 12-month measurement period
Denominator	Equals Initial Population	Equals Initial Population	Equals Initial Population	Equals Initial Population
Denominator Exclusions	None	None	None	None
Numerator	Eligible professional or eligible clinician attests to documenting, updating, or reviewing the patient's current medications using all immediate resources available on the date of the encounter	Eligible clinician attests to documenting, updating, or reviewing the patient's current medications using all immediate resources available on the date of the encounter	Eligible clinician attests to documenting, updating, or reviewing the patient's current medications using all immediate resources available on the date of the encounter	Eligible clinician attests to documenting, updating, or reviewing the patient's current medications using all immediate resources available on the date of the encounter
Numerator Exclusions	Not Applicable	Not Applicable	Not Applicable	Not Applicable
Denominator Exceptions	Documentation of a medical reason(s) for not documenting, updating, or reviewing the patient’s current medications list (e.g., patient is in an urgent or emergent medical situation where time is of the essence and to delay treatment would jeopardize the patient's health status)	Documentation of a medical reason(s) for not documenting, updating, or reviewing the patient’s current medications list (e.g., patient is in an urgent or emergent medical situation where time is of the essence and to delay treatment would jeopardize the patient's health status)	Documentation of a medical reason(s) for not documenting, updating, or reviewing the patient’s current medications list (e.g., patient is in an urgent or emergent medical situation where time is of the essence and to delay treatment would jeopardize the patient's health status)	Documentation of a medical reason(s) for not documenting, updating, or reviewing the patient’s current medications list (e.g., patient is in an urgent or emergent medical situation where time is of the essence and to delay treatment would jeopardize the patient's health status)
Telehealth Eligible	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Next Version	CMS68v12	CMS68v13	CMS68v14	No Version Available
Previous Version	No Version Available	CMS68v11	CMS68v12	CMS68v13

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Specifications

Additional Resources for CMS68v12

CMS68v12-TRN.xlsx

Header

Updated copyright.
Measure Section: Copyright
Source of Change: Annual Update
Updated to use '%' instead of 'percent' for consistency.
Measure Section: Rationale
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Updated references.
Measure Section: Reference
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Updated version number of the Quality Data Model (QDM) used in the measure specification to v5.6.
Measure Section: Guidance
Source of Change: Standards/Technical Update
Updated guidance and definition to add cannabis and cannabidiol products as current medications to be documented.
Measure Section: Multiple Sections
Source of Change: Expert Work Group Review
Removed references to 'eligible professional' throughout the measure.
Measure Section: Multiple Sections
Source of Change: Measure Lead

Logic

Replaced the Global.CalendarAgeInYearsAt function with the native CQL function AgeInYearsAt to take advantage of existing CQL features and increase human readability. As a result of this change, the LOINC code 21112-8 is no longer required and has been removed from the Terminology section of the human readable specification.
Measure Section: Multiple Sections
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Updated the version number of the Measure Authoring Tool (MAT) Global Common Functions Library to v7.0.000.
Measure Section: Multiple Sections
Source of Change: Standards/Technical Update
Updated the version of the Quality Data Model (QDM) to 5.6 and Clinical Quality Language (CQL) to 1.5.
Measure Section: Multiple Sections
Source of Change: Standards/Technical Update

Value set

The VSAC is the source of truth for the value set content, please visit the VSAC for downloads of current value sets.

Value set Medical Reason (2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1007): Deleted 1 SNOMED CT code (397745006) based on terminology update.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Annual Update
Removed direct reference code LOINC code (21112-8) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead