HIV Screening
Compare Versions of: "HIV Screening"
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| Measure Information | 2022 Performance Period | 2023 Performance Period | 2024 Performance Period | 2025 Performance Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Title | HIV Screening | HIV Screening | HIV Screening | HIV Screening |
| CMS eCQM ID | CMS349v4 | CMS349v5 | CMS349v6 | CMS349v7 |
| CBE ID* | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Not Applicable |
| MIPS Quality ID | 475 | 475 | 475 | 475 |
| Measure Steward | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) |
| Description |
Percentage of patients aged 15-65 at the start of the measurement period who were between 15-65 years old when tested for HIV |
Percentage of patients aged 15-65 at the start of the measurement period who were between 15-65 years old when tested for Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) |
Percentage of patients aged 15-65 at the start of the measurement period who were between 15-65 years old when tested for Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) |
Percentage of patients aged 15-65 at the start of the measurement period who were between 15-65 years old when tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). |
| Measure Scoring | Proportion measure | Proportion measure | Proportion measure | Proportion measure |
| Measure Type | Process | Process | Process | Process |
| Stratification | *See CMS349v4.html | *See CMS349v5.html |
None |
None |
| Risk Adjustment | *See CMS349v4.html | *See CMS349v5.html |
None |
None |
| Rationale | *See CMS349v4.html | *See CMS349v5.html |
HIV is a communicable infection that leads to a progressive disease with a long asymptomatic period. There were an estimated 34,800 new HIV infections in the United States in 2019 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021). Without treatment, most persons develop acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) within 10 years of HIV infection. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) delays this progression and increases the length of survival, but it is most effective when initiated during the asymptomatic phase. Persons living with HIV who use ART and achieve viral suppression can have a nearly normal life expectancy (Samji et al., 2013). The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1-Infected Adults and Adolescents recommends immediate antiretroviral therapy for all HIV-infected individuals, regardless of CD4 count at diagnosis, to reduce the risk of disease progression (Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents, 2022).
CDC estimates that, at the end of 2016, approximately 14% of the 1.1 million adults and adolescents living with HIV infection in the United States were unaware of their infection (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019a). Among persons diagnosed with HIV in 2017, approximately 21% were diagnosed with Stage 3 HIV (AIDS) at the time of HIV diagnosis (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019c), which is when the median CD4 count at diagnosis is less than 200 cells/mm3 for persons aged greater than or equal to 6 years (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019b). HIV screening identifies infected persons who were previously unaware of their infection, which enables them to seek medical and social services that can improve their health and the quality and length of their lives. Additionally, using ART with high levels of medication adherence has been shown to substantially reduce risk for HIV transmission (Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents, 2022).
Based on the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), the percentage of ever tested for HIV increased from 42.9% in 2011 to 45.9% in 2017. Despite this increase, less than half of US adults have ever been tested for HIV over ten years after CDC’s recommendations (Patel et al., 2019). |
HIV is a communicable infection that leads to a progressive disease with a long asymptomatic period. There were an estimated 32,100 new HIV infections in the United States in 2021 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2023a). Without treatment, most persons develop acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) within 10 years of HIV infection. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) delays this progression and increases the length of survival, but it is most effective when initiated during the asymptomatic phase. Persons living with HIV who use ART and achieve viral suppression can have a nearly normal life expectancy (Samji et al., 2013). The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1-Infected Adults and Adolescents recommends immediate antiretroviral therapy for all HIV-infected individuals, regardless of CD4 count at diagnosis, to reduce the risk of disease progression (Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents, 2022).
CDC estimates that, in 2021, approximately 13% of the 1.2 million adults and adolescents living with HIV infection in the United States were unaware of their infection (CDC, 2023a). Among persons diagnosed with HIV in 2021, approximately 21% were diagnosed with Stage 3 HIV (AIDS) at the time of HIV diagnosis (CDC, 2023b), which is when there is a CD4 lymphocyte count of less than 200 cells/mm3 or a CD4 percentage of total lymphocytes of less than 14 or documentation of AIDS-defining condition at diagnosis (CDC, 2023b).HIV screening identifies infected persons who were previously unaware of their infection, which enables them to seek medical and social services that can improve their health and the quality and length of their lives. Additionally, using ART with high levels of medication adherence has been shown to substantially reduce the risk of HIV transmission (Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents, 2022).
Based on the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), the percentage of ever tested for HIV increased from 42.9% in 2011 to 45.9% in 2017. Despite this increase, less than half of US adults have ever been tested for HIV over ten years after CDC’s recommendations (Patel et al., 2019). |
| Clinical Recommendation Statement | *See CMS349v4.html | *See CMS349v5.html |
The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends that clinicians screen for HIV infection in adolescents and adults aged 15 to 65 years. Younger adolescents and older adults who are at increased risk should also be screened (A Recommendation) (Owens et al., 2019). Since 2006, the CDC has recommended routine opt-out HIV screening (i.e., patient is notified that testing will be performed unless the patient declines) in healthcare facilities of adolescents and adults 13-64 years of age and HIV diagnostic testing of adolescents and adults with clinical signs or symptoms consistent with HIV infection (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006). |
The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends that clinicians screen for HIV infection in adolescents and adults aged 15 to 65 years. Younger adolescents and older adults who are at increased risk should also be screened (A Recommendation) (Owens et al., 2019). Since 2006, the CDC has recommended routine opt-out HIV screening (i.e., patient is notified that testing will be performed unless the patient declines) in healthcare facilities of adolescents and adults 13-64 years of age and HIV diagnostic testing of adolescents and adults with clinical signs or symptoms consistent with HIV infection (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006). |
| Improvement Notation |
Higher score indicates better quality |
Higher score indicates better quality |
Higher score indicates better quality |
Higher score indicates better quality |
| Definition | *See CMS349v4.html | *See CMS349v5.html |
None |
None |
| Guidance |
This measure evaluates the proportion of patients aged 15 to 65 at the start of the measurement period who have documentation of having received an HIV test at least once on or after their 15th birthday and before their 66th birthday. In order to satisfy the measure, the reporting provider must have documentation of the administration of the laboratory test present in the patient's medical record. In cases where the HIV test was performed elsewhere, providers cannot rely on patient attestation or self-report to meet the measure requirements, as previous research has shown that patient self-report is an unreliable indicator of previous HIV testing history. Rather, providers must request documentation of those test results. If such documentation is not available, the patient should be considered still eligible for HIV screening. If such documentation is available, but cannot be provided in a standardized, structured format (such that the lab test and results can be readily incorporated as structured data within the EHR), providers should enter the information into their EHR as a laboratory test in a manner consistent with the EHR in use. If the specific Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Laboratory Test LOINC code of the test is not known, the entry should use the more generic code LOINC panel code [75622-1]. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.5. Please refer to the eCQI resource center for more information on the QDM. |
This measure evaluates the proportion of patients aged 15 to 65 at the start of the measurement period who have documentation of having received an HIV test at least once on or after their 15th birthday and before their 66th birthday. In order to satisfy the measure, the reporting provider must have documentation of the administration of the laboratory test present in the patient's medical record. In cases where the HIV test was performed elsewhere, providers cannot rely on patient attestation or self-report to meet the measure requirements, as previous research has shown that patient self-report is an unreliable indicator of previous HIV testing history. Rather, providers must request documentation of those test results. If such documentation is not available, the patient should be considered still eligible for HIV screening. If such documentation is available, but cannot be provided in a standardized, structured format (such that the lab test and results can be readily incorporated as structured data within the EHR), providers should enter the information into their EHR as a laboratory test in a manner consistent with the EHR in use. If the specific Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Laboratory Test LOINC code of the test is not known, the entry should use the more generic code LOINC panel code [75622-1]. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM. |
This measure evaluates the proportion of patients aged 15 to 65 at the start of the measurement period who have documentation of having received an HIV test at least once on or after their 15th birthday and before their 66th birthday. In order to satisfy the measure, the reporting provider must have documentation of the administration of the laboratory test present in the patient's medical record. In cases where the HIV test was performed elsewhere, providers cannot rely on patient attestation or self-report to meet the measure requirements, as previous research has shown that patient self-report is an unreliable indicator of previous HIV testing history. Rather, providers must request documentation of those test results. If such documentation is not available, the patient should be considered still eligible for HIV screening. If such documentation is available, but cannot be provided in a standardized, structured format (such that the lab test and results can be readily incorporated as structured data within the EHR), providers should enter the information into their EHR as a laboratory test in a manner consistent with the EHR in use. If the specific Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Laboratory Test LOINC code of the test is not known, the entry should use the more generic code LOINC panel code [75622-1]. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM. |
This measure evaluates the proportion of patients aged 15 to 65 at the start of the measurement period who have documentation of having received an HIV test at least once on or after their 15th birthday and before their 66th birthday. In order to satisfy the measure, the reporting provider must have documentation of the administration of the laboratory test present in the patient's medical record. In cases where the HIV test was performed elsewhere, providers cannot rely on patient attestation or self-report to meet the measure requirements, as previous research has shown that patient self-report is an unreliable indicator of previous HIV testing history. Rather, providers must request documentation of those test results. If such documentation is not available, the patient should be considered still eligible for HIV screening. If such documentation is available, but cannot be provided in a standardized, structured format (such that the lab test and results can be readily incorporated as structured data within the EHR), providers should enter the information into their EHR as a laboratory test in a manner consistent with the EHR in use. If the specific Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Laboratory Test LOINC code of the test is not known, the entry should use the more generic code LOINC panel code [75622-1]. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM. |
| Initial Population |
Patients 15 to 65 years of age at the start of the measurement period AND who had at least one outpatient visit during the measurement period |
Patients 15 to 65 years of age at the start of the measurement period AND who had at least one outpatient visit during the measurement period |
Patients 15 to 65 years of age at the start of the measurement period AND who had at least one outpatient visit during the measurement period |
Patients 15 to 65 years of age at the start of the measurement period AND who had at least one outpatient visit during the day of the measurement period |
| Denominator |
Equals Initial Population |
Equals Initial Population |
Equals Initial Population |
Equals Initial Population |
| Denominator Exclusions |
Patients diagnosed with HIV prior to the start of the measurement period |
Patients diagnosed with HIV prior to the start of the measurement period |
Patients diagnosed with HIV prior to the start of the measurement period |
Patients diagnosed with HIV prior to the day of the start of the measurement period |
| Numerator |
Patients with documentation of an HIV test performed on or after their 15th birthday and before their 66th birthday |
Patients with documentation of an HIV test performed on or after their 15th birthday and before their 66th birthday |
Patients with documentation of an HIV test performed on or after their 15th birthday and before their 66th birthday |
Patients with documentation of an HIV test performed on or after their 15th birthday and before their 66th birthday |
| Numerator Exclusions |
Not Applicable |
Not Applicable |
Not Applicable |
Not Applicable |
| Denominator Exceptions |
None |
None |
Patients who die on or before the end of the measurement period |
Patients who die on or before the end of the day of the measurement period |
| Telehealth Eligible | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Next Version | No Version Available | |||
| Previous Version | No Version Available |
Additional Resources for CMS349v5
Header
Updated the measure description to spell out the acronym HIV for clarity.
Measure Section: Description
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Updated copyright.
Measure Section: Copyright
Source of Change: Annual Update
Revised formatting of text for improved readability.
Measure Section: Rationale
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Updated references.
Measure Section: Reference
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Updated version number of the Quality Data Model (QDM) used in the measure specification to v5.6.
Measure Section: Guidance
Source of Change: Standards/Technical Update
Logic
Replaced the Global.CalendarAgeInYearsAt function with the native CQL function AgeInYearsAt to take advantage of existing CQL features and increase human readability. As a result of this change, the LOINC code 21112-8 is no longer required and has been removed from the Terminology section of the human readable specification.
Measure Section: Multiple Sections
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Updated the names of CQL definitions, functions, and/or aliases for clarification and to align with the CQL Style Guide.
Measure Section: Multiple Sections
Source of Change: Standards/Technical Update
Updated the version number of the Measure Authoring Tool (MAT) Global Common Functions Library to v7.0.000.
Measure Section: Multiple Sections
Source of Change: Standards/Technical Update
Updated the version of the Quality Data Model (QDM) to 5.6 and Clinical Quality Language (CQL) to 1.5.
Measure Section: Multiple Sections
Source of Change: Standards/Technical Update
Value set
The VSAC is the source of truth for the value set content, please visit the VSAC for downloads of current value sets.
Replaced value set Indicators of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1056.54) with value set HIV (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.120.12.1003) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Removed direct reference code LOINC code (21112-8) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead