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Core Clinical Data Elements for the Hybrid Hospital-Wide (All-Condition, All-Procedure) Risk-Standardized Mortality Measure (HWM)

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Measure Information 2022 Reporting Period 2023 Reporting Period 2024 Reporting Period
Title Core Clinical Data Elements for the Hybrid Hospital-Wide (All-Condition, All-Procedure) Risk-Standardized Mortality Measure (HWM) Core Clinical Data Elements for the Hybrid Hospital-Wide (All-Condition, All-Procedure) Risk-Standardized Mortality Measure (HWM) Core Clinical Data Elements for the Hybrid Hospital-Wide (All-Condition, All-Procedure) Risk-Standardized Mortality Measure (HWM)
CMS eCQM ID CMS844v2 CMS844v3 CMS844v4
Short Name Hybrid HWM

Hybrid HWM

Hybrid HWM
CBE ID Not Applicable 3502 3502
Description

This logic is intended to extract electronic clinical data. This is not an electronic clinical quality measure and this logic will not produce measure results. Instead, it will produce a file containing the data that CMS will link with administrative claims to risk adjust the Hybrid HWM outcome measure. It is designed to extract the first resulted set of vital signs and basic laboratory results obtained from encounters for adult Medicare Fee-For-Service patients admitted to acute care short stay hospitals.

This logic is intended to extract electronic clinical data. This is not an electronic clinical quality measure and this logic will not produce measure results. Instead, it will produce a file containing the data that CMS will link with administrative claims to risk adjust the Hybrid HWM outcome measure. It is designed to extract the first resulted set of vital signs and basic laboratory results obtained from encounters for adult Medicare Fee-For-Service patients admitted to acute care short stay hospitals.

This logic is intended to extract electronic clinical data. This is not an electronic clinical quality measure and this logic will not produce measure results. Instead, it will produce a file containing the data that CMS will link with administrative claims to risk adjust the Hybrid HWM outcome measure. It is designed to extract the first resulted set of vital signs and basic laboratory results obtained from encounters for adult Medicare Fee-For-Service and Medicare Advantage patients admitted to acute care short stay hospitals.

Definition *See CMS844v2.html *See CMS844v3.html *See CMS844v4.html
Initial Population

All Medicare Fee-For-Service encounters age 65 to 94 years at the start of an inpatient admission, who are discharged during the measurement period (length of stay <365 days).

NOTE: All Medicare Fee-For-Service encounters meeting the above criteria should be included, regardless if Medicare Fee-For-Service is the primary, secondary, or tertiary payer.

All Medicare Fee-For-Service encounters age 65 to 94 years at the start of an inpatient admission, who are discharged during the measurement period (length of stay <365 days).

NOTE: All Medicare Fee-For-Service encounters meeting the above criteria should be included, regardless if Medicare Fee-For-Service is the primary, secondary, or tertiary payer.

All Medicare Fee-For-Service and Medicare Advantage encounters for patients aged 65 to 94 years at the start of an inpatient admission, who are discharged during the measurement period (length of stay <365 days).

NOTE: All Medicare Fee-For-Service and Medicare Advantage encounters meeting the above criteria should be included, regardless of whether Medicare Fee-For-Service/Medicare Advantage is the primary, secondary, or tertiary payer.

Measure Steward Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)
Measure Scoring Proportion measure Cohort measure Cohort measure
Improvement Notation

No actual measure score will be generated by hospitals. Instead hospitals will report the data values for each of the core clinical data elements for all encounters in the Initial Population. These core clinical data elements will be linked to administrative claims data and used by CMS to calculate results for the Hybrid HWM measure.

No actual measure score will be generated by hospitals. Instead, hospitals will report the data values for each of the core clinical data elements for all encounters in the Initial Population. These core clinical data elements will be linked to administrative claims data and used by CMS to calculate results for the Hybrid HWM measure.

No actual measure score will be generated by hospitals. Instead, hospitals will report the data values for each of the core clinical data elements for all encounters in the Initial Population. These core clinical data elements will be linked to administrative claims data and used by CMS to calculate results for the Hybrid HWM measure.

Guidance

This logic guides the user to extract the FIRST resulted HWM-specific core clinical data elements for all Medicare Fee-For-Service encounters for patients age 65 to 94 (Initial Population) directly admitted to the hospital or admitted to the same facility after being treated in another area, such as the emergency department or hospital outpatient location.

The logic supports extraction of the FIRST set of HWM-specific core clinical data elements in two different ways, depending on if the patient was a direct admission, meaning that the patient was admitted directly to an inpatient unit without first receiving care in the emergency department or other hospital outpatient locations within the same admitting facility:

1. If the patient was a direct admission, the logic supports extraction of the FIRST resulted vital signs within 2 hours (120 minutes) after the start of the inpatient admission, and the FIRST resulted laboratory tests within 24 hours (1440 minutes) after the start of the inpatient admission.

2. If the patient has values captured prior to admission, for example from the emergency department, pre-operative, or other outpatient area within the hospital, the logic supports extraction of the FIRST resulted vital signs and laboratory tests within 24 hours (1440 minutes) PRIOR to the start of the inpatient admission. All clinical systems used in inpatient and outpatient locations within the hospital facility should be queried when looking for core clinical data element values related to a patient who is subsequently admitted.

Value sets for the laboratory tests represent the LOINC codes currently available for these tests. If the institution is using local codes to capture and store relevant laboratory test data, those sites should map that information to the LOINC code for reporting of the core clinical data elements.

NOTE: Do not report ALL values on an encounter during their entire admission. Only report the FIRST resulted value for EACH core clinical data element collected in the appropriate timeframe, if available.

For each encounter please also submit the following Linking Variables:

CMS Certification Number;

Health Insurance Claim Number (HICN) or Medicare Beneficiary Identifier (MBI);

Date of Birth;

Sex;

Inpatient Admission Date; and,

Discharge Date.

This version of the specifications uses Quality Data Model (QDM) version 5.5. Please refer to the Electronic Clinical Quality Improvement (eCQI) Resource Center (https://ecqi.healthit.gov/qdm) for more information on the QDM.

These specifications are for use for data with discharges that occur between July 1, 2023 and June 30, 2024. The associated Hospital Specific Report (HSR) is anticipated to be released in Spring 2025.

This logic guides the user to extract the FIRST resulted HWM-specific core clinical data elements for all Medicare Fee-For-Service encounters for patients age 65 to 94 (Initial Population) directly admitted to the hospital or admitted to the same facility after being treated in another area, such as the emergency department or hospital outpatient location.

The logic supports extraction of the FIRST set of HWM-specific core clinical data elements in two different ways, depending on if the patient was a direct admission, meaning that the patient was admitted directly to an inpatient unit without first receiving care in the emergency department or other hospital outpatient locations within the same admitting facility:

1. If the patient was a direct admission, the logic supports extraction of the FIRST resulted vital signs within 2 hours (120 minutes) after the start of the inpatient admission, and the FIRST resulted laboratory tests within 24 hours (1440 minutes) after the start of the inpatient admission.

2. If the patient has values captured prior to admission, for example from the emergency department, pre-operative, or other outpatient area within the hospital, the logic supports extraction of the FIRST resulted vital signs and laboratory tests within 24 hours (1440 minutes) PRIOR to the start of the inpatient admission. All clinical systems used in inpatient and outpatient locations within the hospital facility should be queried when looking for core clinical data element values related to a patient who is subsequently admitted.

Value sets for the laboratory tests represent the LOINC codes currently available for these tests. If the institution is using local codes to capture and store relevant laboratory test data, those sites should map that information to the LOINC code for reporting of the core clinical data elements.

NOTE: Do not report ALL values on an encounter during their entire admission. Only report the FIRST resulted value for EACH core clinical data element collected in the appropriate timeframe, if available.

For each core clinical data element, please report values using one of the appropriate units of measurement listed below, which represent valid UCUM codes:

Core Clinical Data Element                                          UCUM Unit

Bicarbonate-----------------------------------meq/L

                                                                                            mmol/L

Creatinine-------------------------------------mg/dL

                                                                                            umol/L

Heart rate-------------------------------------{Beats}/min

Hematocrit ------------------------------------%

Oxygen saturation (by pulse oximetry)-----------%{Oxygen}

Platelet----------------------------------------10*3/uL

                                                                                            10*9/L

                                                                                            /mm3

Sodium---------------------------------------meq/L

                                                                                           mmol/L

Systolic blood pressure------------------------mm[Hg]

Temperature----------------------------------Cel

                                                                                           [degF]

 

White blood cell count ------------------------{Cells}/uL

                                                                                          10*3/uL

                                                                                          10*9/L

                                                                                          /mm3

For each encounter please also submit the following Linking Variables:

CMS Certification Number;

Health Insurance Claim Number (HICN) or Medicare Beneficiary Identifier (MBI);

Date of Birth;

Sex;

Inpatient Admission Date; and,

Discharge Date.

The initial population includes patients with inpatient hospitalizations and patients from Acute Hospital Care at Home programs, who are treated and billed as inpatients but receive care in their home.

This version of the specifications uses Quality Data Model (QDM) version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM.

These specifications are for use for data with discharges that occur between July 1, 2024 and June 30, 2025. The associated Hospital Specific Report (HSR) is anticipated to be released in Spring 2026.

This logic guides the user to extract the FIRST resulted HWM-specific core clinical data elements for all Medicare Fee-For-Service and Medicare Advantage encounters for patients age 65 to 94 (Initial Population) directly admitted to the hospital or admitted to the same facility after being treated in another area, such as the emergency department or hospital outpatient location.

The logic supports extraction of the FIRST set of HWM-specific core clinical data elements in two different ways, depending on if the patient was a direct admission, meaning that the patient was admitted directly to an inpatient unit without first receiving care in the emergency department or other hospital outpatient locations within the same admitting facility:

1. If the patient was a direct admission, the logic supports extraction of the FIRST resulted vital signs within 2 hours (120 minutes) after the start of the inpatient admission, and the FIRST resulted laboratory tests within 24 hours (1440 minutes) after the start of the inpatient admission.

2. If the patient has values captured prior to admission, for example from the emergency department, pre-operative, or other outpatient area within the hospital, the logic supports extraction of the FIRST resulted vital signs and laboratory tests within 24 hours (1440 minutes) PRIOR to the start of the inpatient admission. All clinical systems used in inpatient and outpatient locations within the hospital facility should be queried when looking for core clinical data element values related to a patient who is subsequently admitted.

Value sets for the laboratory tests represent the LOINC codes currently available for these tests. If the institution is using local codes to capture and store relevant laboratory test data, those sites should map that information to the LOINC code for reporting of the core clinical data elements.

NOTE: Do not report ALL values on an encounter during their entire admission. Only report the FIRST resulted value for EACH core clinical data element collected in the appropriate timeframe, if available.

For each core clinical data element, please report values using one of the appropriate units of measurement listed below, which represent valid UCUM codes:

Core Clinical Data Element                  UCUM Unit

Bicarbonate-----------------------------------meq/L

                                                                                           mmol/L

Creatinine-------------------------------------mg/dL

                                                                                           umol/L

Heart rate------------------------------------{Beats}/min

Hematocrit -----------------------------------%

Oxygen saturation (by pulse oximetry)-----%{Oxygen}

Platelet----------------------------------------10*3/uL

                                                                                             10*9/L

                                                                                              /mm3

Sodium----------------------------------------meq/L

                                                                                             mmol/L

Systolic blood pressure----------------------mm[Hg]

Temperature----------------------------------Cel

                                                                                           [degF]

White blood cell count ----------------------{Cells}/uL

                                                                                      10*3/uL

                                                                                      10*9/L

                                                                                       /mm3

For each encounter please also submit the following Linking Variables:

  • CMS Certification Number;
  • Health Insurance Claim Number (HICN) or Medicare Beneficiary Identifier (MBI);
  • Date of Birth;
  • Sex;
  • Inpatient Admission Date; and,
  • Discharge Date.

The initial population includes patients with inpatient hospitalizations and patients from Acute Hospital Care at Home programs, who are treated and billed as inpatients but receive care in their home.

This version of the specifications uses Quality Data Model (QDM) version 5.6. Please refer to the eCQI Resource Center (https://ecqi.healthit.gov/qdm) for more information on the QDM.

Rationale *See CMS844v2.html *See CMS844v3.html

The intent of this logic is to extract the FIRST set of clinical data elements from hospital electronic health records (EHRs) for all qualifying encounters. The data will be linked with administrative claims to risk adjust the Hybrid HWM outcome measure. This work addresses stakeholder concerns that clinical data garnered from patients, and used by clinicians to guide diagnostic decisions and treatment, are preferable to administrative claims data when profiling hospitals’ case mix. We are calling the list of data elements for extraction the "HWM-specific core clinical data elements". The core clinical data elements are the first set of vital signs and basic laboratory tests resulted from encounters for adult Medicare Fee-For-Service and Medicare Advantage patients, age 65 to 94 (Initial Population), after they arrive at the hospital to which they are subsequently admitted. For example, this first set of data values are often captured in the emergency department or in the pre-operative area, sometimes hours before a patient is admitted to that same facility. Encounters over the age of 94 are not included to avoid holding hospitals responsible for the survival of the oldest elderly patients, who may be less likely to have survival as a primary goal. While we acknowledge that many elderly patients do have survival beyond 30 days as a primary goal for their hospitalization, with input from our Technical Expert Panel and work groups, we decided to only include encounters between 65 and 94 years of age.

These core clinical data elements were selected because they: 1. reflect patients' clinical status when they first present to the hospital; 2. are clinically and statistically relevant to patient outcomes; 3. are consistently obtained on adult inpatient encounters based on current clinical practice; 4. are captured with a standard definition and recorded in a standard format across providers; and 5. are entered in structured fields that are feasibly retrieved from current EHR systems (YNHHSC/CORE, 2015).

Additional data called Linking Variables are used to link EHR data files with administrative claims data for CMS to calculate results for the Hybrid HWM measure, which are: CMS Certification Number; Health Insurance Claim Number (HICN) or Medicare Beneficiary Identifier (MBI); date of birth; sex; admission date; and discharge date.

Stratification *See CMS844v2.html *See CMS844v3.html *See CMS844v4.html
Risk Adjustment *See CMS844v2.html *See CMS844v3.html *See CMS844v4.html
Clinical Recommendation Statement *See CMS844v2.html *See CMS844v3.html *See CMS844v4.html
Notes
  • This measure is not in the Data Element Repository at this time and is expected to be included in the Spring of 2022.
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Last Updated: Feb 13, 2024