Breast Cancer Screening
Compare Versions of: "Breast Cancer Screening"
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| Measure Information | 2022 Performance Period | 2023 Performance Period | 2024 Performance Period | 2025 Performance Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Title | Breast Cancer Screening | Breast Cancer Screening | Breast Cancer Screening | Breast Cancer Screening |
| CMS eCQM ID | CMS125v10 | CMS125v11 | CMS125v12 | CMS125v13 |
| CBE ID* | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Not Applicable |
| MIPS Quality ID | 112 | 112 | 112 | 112 |
| Measure Steward | National Committee for Quality Assurance | National Committee for Quality Assurance | National Committee for Quality Assurance | National Committee for Quality Assurance |
| Description |
Percentage of women 50-74 years of age who had a mammogram to screen for breast cancer in the 27 months prior to the end of the Measurement Period |
Percentage of women 50-74 years of age who had a mammogram to screen for breast cancer in the 27 months prior to the end of the Measurement Period |
Percentage of women 50-74 years of age who had a mammogram to screen for breast cancer in the 27 months prior to the end of the Measurement Period |
Percentage of women 50-74 years of age who had a mammogram to screen for breast cancer in the 27 months prior to the end of the Measurement Period |
| Measure Scoring | Proportion measure | Proportion measure | Proportion measure | Proportion measure |
| Measure Type | Process | Process | Process | Process |
| Stratification | *See CMS125v10.html | *See CMS125v11.html |
None |
None |
| Risk Adjustment | *See CMS125v10.html | *See CMS125v11.html |
None |
None |
| Rationale | *See CMS125v10.html | *See CMS125v11.html |
Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancers, accounting for 15 percent of all new cancer diagnoses in the U.S. (Noone et al., 2018). In 2015, over 3 million women were estimated to be living with breast cancer in the U.S. and it is estimated that 12 percent of women will be diagnosed with breast cancer at some point during their lifetime (Noone et al., 2018). While there are other factors that affect a woman's risk of developing breast cancer, advancing age is a primary risk factor. Breast cancer is most frequently diagnosed among women ages 55-64; the median age at diagnosis is 62 years (Noone et al., 2018). The chance of a woman being diagnosed with breast cancer in a given year increases with age. By age 40, the chances are 1 in 68; by age 50 it becomes 1 in 43; by age 60, it is 1 in 29 (American Cancer Society, 2017). |
Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancers, accounting for 15 percent of all new cancer diagnoses in the U.S. (Noone et al., 2018). In 2015, over 3 million women were estimated to be living with breast cancer in the U.S. and it is estimated that 12 percent of women will be diagnosed with breast cancer at some point during their lifetime (Noone et al., 2018). While there are other factors that affect a woman's risk of developing breast cancer, advancing age is a primary risk factor. Breast cancer is most frequently diagnosed among women ages 55-64; the median age at diagnosis is 62 years (Noone et al., 2018). The chance of a woman being diagnosed with breast cancer in a given year increases with age. By age 40, the chances are 1 in 68; by age 50 it becomes 1 in 43; by age 60, it is 1 in 29 (American Cancer Society, 2017). |
| Clinical Recommendation Statement | *See CMS125v10.html | *See CMS125v11.html |
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends biennial screening mammography for women aged 50-74 years (B recommendation) (USPSTF, 2016). The decision to start screening mammography in women prior to age 50 years should be an individual one. Women who place a higher value on the potential benefit than the potential harms may choose to begin biennial screening between the ages of 40 and 49 years (C recommendation) (USPSTF, 2016). The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening mammography in women aged 75 years or older (I statement) (USPSTF, 2016). The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the benefits and harms of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) as a primary screening method for breast cancer (I statement) (USPSTF, 2016). The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of adjunctive screening for breast cancer using breast ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, DBT, or other methods in women identified to have dense breasts on an otherwise negative screening mammogram (I statement) (USPSTF, 2016). The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and the American College of Radiology (ACR) recommend using conventional mammography or DBT for screening women at low, intermediate or high risk for breast cancer (NCCN, 2021) (ACR, 2017). |
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends biennial screening mammography for women aged 50-74 years (B recommendation) (USPSTF, 2016). The decision to start screening mammography in women prior to age 50 years should be an individual one. Women who place a higher value on the potential benefit than the potential harms may choose to begin biennial screening between the ages of 40 and 49 years (C recommendation) (USPSTF, 2016). The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening mammography in women aged 75 years or older (I statement) (USPSTF, 2016). The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the benefits and harms of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) as a primary screening method for breast cancer (I statement) (USPSTF, 2016). The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of adjunctive screening for breast cancer using breast ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, DBT, or other methods in women identified to have dense breasts on an otherwise negative screening mammogram (I statement) (USPSTF, 2016). The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and the American College of Radiology (ACR) recommend using conventional mammography or DBT for screening women at low, intermediate or high risk for breast cancer (NCCN, 2021) (ACR, 2017). |
| Improvement Notation |
Higher score equals better quality |
Higher score equals better quality |
Higher score equals better quality |
Higher score equals better quality |
| Definition | *See CMS125v10.html | *See CMS125v11.html |
None |
None |
| Guidance |
Patient self-report for procedures as well as diagnostic studies should be recorded in 'Procedure, Performed' template or 'Diagnostic Study, Performed' template in QRDA-1. This measure evaluates primary screening. Do not count biopsies, breast ultrasounds, or MRIs because they are not appropriate methods for primary breast cancer screening. This eCQM is a patient-based measure.
This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.5. Please refer to the eCQI resource center for more information on the QDM. |
This measure evaluates primary screening. Do not count biopsies, breast ultrasounds, or MRIs because they are not appropriate methods for primary breast cancer screening. This eCQM is a patient-based measure.
This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM. |
This measure evaluates primary screening. Do not count biopsies, breast ultrasounds, or MRIs because they are not appropriate methods for primary breast cancer screening. Please note the measure may include screenings performed outside the age range of patients referenced in the initial population. Screenings that occur prior to the measurement period are valid to meet measure criteria. This eCQM is a patient-based measure.
This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM. |
This measure evaluates primary screening. Do not count biopsies, breast ultrasounds, or MRIs because they are not appropriate methods for primary breast cancer screening. Please note the measure may include screenings performed outside the age range of patients referenced in the initial population. Screenings that occur prior to the measurement period are valid to meet measure criteria. This eCQM is a patient-based measure.
This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM. |
| Initial Population |
Women 51-74 years of age with a visit during the measurement period |
Women 52-74 years of age by the end of the measurement period with a visit during the measurement period |
Women 52-74 years of age by the end of the measurement period with a visit during the measurement period |
Women 52-74 years of age by the end of the measurement period with a visit during the measurement period |
| Denominator |
Equals Initial Population |
Equals Initial Population |
Equals Initial Population |
Equals Initial Population |
| Denominator Exclusions |
Women who had a bilateral mastectomy or who have a history of a bilateral mastectomy or for whom there is evidence of a right and a left unilateral mastectomy. Exclude patients who are in hospice care for any part of the measurement period. Exclude patients 66 and older who are living long term in an institution for more than 90 consecutive days during the measurement period. Exclude patients 66 and older with an indication of frailty for any part of the measurement period who meet any of the following criteria: - Advanced illness with two outpatient encounters during the measurement period or the year prior - OR advanced illness with one inpatient encounter during the measurement period or the year prior - OR taking dementia medications during the measurement period or the year prior Exclude patients receiving palliative care during the measurement period. |
Women who had a bilateral mastectomy or who have a history of a bilateral mastectomy or for whom there is evidence of a right and a left unilateral mastectomy. Exclude patients who are in hospice care for any part of the measurement period. Exclude patients 66 and older by the end of the measurement period who are living long term in a nursing home any time on or before the end of the measurement period. Exclude patients 66 and older by the end of the measurement period with an indication of frailty for any part of the measurement period who also meet any of the following advanced illness criteria: - Advanced illness with two outpatient encounters during the measurement period or the year prior - OR advanced illness with one inpatient encounter during the measurement period or the year prior - OR taking dementia medications during the measurement period or the year prior Exclude patients receiving palliative care for any part of the measurement period. |
Women who had a bilateral mastectomy or who have a history of a bilateral mastectomy or for whom there is evidence of a right and a left unilateral mastectomy on or before the end of the measurement period. Exclude patients who are in hospice care for any part of the measurement period. Exclude patients 66 and older by the end of the measurement period who are living long term in a nursing home any time on or before the end of the measurement period. Exclude patients 66 and older by the end of the measurement period with an indication of frailty for any part of the measurement period who also meet any of the following advanced illness criteria: - Advanced illness with two outpatient encounters during the measurement period or the year prior - OR advanced illness with one inpatient encounter during the measurement period or the year prior - OR taking dementia medications during the measurement period or the year prior Exclude patients receiving palliative care for any part of the measurement period. |
Exclude patients who are in hospice care for any part of the measurement period. Women who had a bilateral mastectomy or who have a history of a bilateral mastectomy or for whom there is evidence of a right and a left unilateral mastectomy on or before the end of the measurement period. Exclude patients 66 and older by the end of the measurement period with an indication of frailty for any part of the measurement period who also meet any of the following advanced illness criteria: - Advanced illness diagnosis during the measurement period or the year prior - OR taking dementia medications during the measurement period or the year prior Exclude patients 66 and older by the end of the measurement period who are living long term in a nursing home any time on or before the end of the measurement period. Exclude patients receiving palliative care for any part of the measurement period. |
| Numerator |
Women with one or more mammograms during the 27 months prior to the end of the measurement period |
Women with one or more mammograms any time on or between October 1 two years prior to the measurement period and the end of the measurement period |
Women with one or more mammograms any time on or between October 1 two years prior to the measurement period and the end of the measurement period |
Women with one or more mammograms any time on or between October 1 two years prior to the measurement period and the end of the measurement period |
| Numerator Exclusions |
Not Applicable |
Not Applicable |
Not Applicable |
Not Applicable |
| Denominator Exceptions |
None |
None |
None |
None |
| Telehealth Eligible | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Next Version | No Version Available | |||
| Previous Version | No Version Available |
Additional Resources for CMS125v10
Header
Updated the eCQM version number.
Measure Section: eCQM Version Number
Source of Change: Annual Update
Updated copyright.
Measure Section: Copyright
Source of Change: Annual Update
Updated the clinical recommendation statement to align with current clinical recommendations.
Measure Section: Clinical Recommendation Statement
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Replaced 'overlaps' or 'overlapping' in the denominator exclusions with plain language to clarify the measure intent.
Measure Section: Denominator Exclusions
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Revised the advanced illness and frailty denominator exclusion to clarify the intent of the exclusion criteria.
Measure Section: Denominator Exclusions
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Updated the Denominator Exclusions to add an exclusion for palliative care.
Measure Section: Denominator Exclusions
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Logic
Added online assessments and telephone visits as appropriate encounters based on the increased use of telehealth services.
Measure Section: Initial Population
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Revised the advanced illness and frailty denominator exclusion to align with the header and adhere to QDMv5.5 standards.
Measure Section: Denominator Exclusions
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Updated Denominator Exclusions definition and added 'PalliativeCare. Palliative Care in the Measurement Period' definition to add an exclusion for palliative care.
Measure Section: Denominator Exclusions
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Revised the advanced illness and frailty denominator exclusion to align with the header and adhere to QDMv5.5 standards.
Measure Section: Definitions
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Updated Denominator Exclusions definition and added 'PalliativeCare.Palliative Care in the Measurement Period' definition to add an exclusion for palliative care.
Measure Section: Definitions
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Updated the names of Clinical Quality Language (CQL) definitions, functions, and/or aliases for clarification and to align with the CQL Style Guide.
Measure Section: Multiple Sections
Source of Change: Standards Update
Updated the version number of the Measure Authoring Tool (MAT) Global Common Functions Library (MATGlobalCommonFunctions-6.2.000). Updated the 'Inpatient Encounter' definition to include a 'day of' timing clarification. Added the following timing functions: Normalize Interval, Has Start, Has End, Latest, Latest Of, Earliest, and Earliest Of. Please see individual measure details for application of specific timing functions.
Measure Section: Multiple Sections
Source of Change: Standards Update
Added new NormalizeInterval function to timing attributes to decrease implementation burden due to variable use of timing attributes for select QDM data types. The NormalizeInterval function was applied, where applicable, for the following data elements: Assessment, Performed; Device, Applied; Diagnostic Study, Performed; Intervention, Performed; Laboratory Test, Performed; Medication, Administered; Medication, Dispensed; Physical Exam, Performed; Procedure, Performed; Substance, Administered.
Measure Section: Multiple Sections
Source of Change: Standards Update
Update Adult Outpatient Encounters CQL library to 2.0.000.
Measure Section: Multiple Sections
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Updated Advanced Illness and Frailty Exclusions CQL Library to version 6.0.000.
Measure Section: Multiple Sections
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Updated Hospice CQL Library to version 3.0.000.
Measure Section: Multiple Sections
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Added PalliativeCareExclusion library version 1.0.000.
Measure Section: Multiple Sections
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Value Set
The VSAC is the source of truth for the value set content, please visit the VSAC for downloads of current value sets.
Value set Bilateral Mastectomy (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.198.12.1005): Added 2 SNOMED CT codes (836436008, 870629001) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback. Deleted 3 SNOMED CT codes (136071000119101, 428529004, 59860000) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Value set Advanced Illness (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.110.12.1082): Added 34 ICD-10-CM codes based on updated evidence in published guidelines, published literature, or from published specialty medical society or group recommendations or terminology updates. Added 179 SNOMED CT codes based on updated evidence in published guidelines, published literature, or from published specialty medical society or group recommendations, and based on terminology updates.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Value set Outpatient (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1087): Added 11 SNOMED CT codes (185463005, 185464004, 185465003, 281036007, 30346009, 37894004, 3391000175108, 439740005, 77406008, 444971000124105, 84251009) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Value set Frailty Device (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.118.12.1300): Added 124 SNOMED CT codes based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback. Deleted 22 SNOMED CT codes based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Value set Frailty Encounter (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1088): Deleted 1 SNOMED CT code (413467001) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Value set Frailty Symptom (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.113.12.1075): Added 13 SNOMED CT codes based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback. Deleted 69 SNOMED CT codes based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Value set Frailty Diagnosis (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.113.12.1074): Added 14 SNOMED CT codes based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback. Deleted 13 SNOMED CT codes based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback. Added 166 ICD-10-CM codes based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Value set Dementia Medications (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.196.12.1510): Added 4 RxNorm codes (1599803, 1599805, 1805420, 1805425) based on change in measure requirements/measure specification. Deleted 3 RxNorm codes (1858970, 996572, 996624) based on change in measure requirements/measure specification.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Value set Unilateral Mastectomy Left (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.198.12.1133): Added 2 SNOMED CT codes (741009001, 741018004) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback. Deleted 3 SNOMED CT codes (12275221000119100, 137671000119105, 429009003) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Value set Unilateral Mastectomy Right (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.198.12.1134): Added 2 SNOMED CT codes (741010006, 741019007) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback. Deleted 2 SNOMED CT codes (137681000119108, 429242008) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Value set Mammography (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.108.12.1018): Added 18 LOINC codes based on terminology update. Deleted 3 HCPCS codes (G0202, G0204, G0206) based on validity of code during timing of look back period.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Value set Acute Inpatient (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1083): Added 10 SNOMED CT codes (10378005, 18083007, 183452005, 19951005, 2252009, 73607007, 305339001, 50699000, 74857009, 78680009) based on updated evidence in published guidelines, published literature, or from published specialty medical society or group recommendations.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Added value set Telephone Visits (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1080) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Added value set Online Assessment (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1089) based on change in measure requirements/measure specification.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Added value set Palliative Care Encounter (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1090) based on change in measure requirements/measure specification.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Added value set Palliative Care Intervention (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.198.12.1135) based on change in measure requirements/measure specification.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Replaced value set ED (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1085) with value set Emergency Department Visit (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1010) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead
Added direct reference code LOINC code (71007-9) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback.
Measure Section: Terminology
Source of Change: Measure Lead