eCQM Title | Colorectal Cancer Screening |
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eCQM Identifier (Measure Authoring Tool) | 130 | eCQM Version Number | 10.0.000 |
NQF Number | Not Applicable | GUID | aa2a4bbc-864f-45ee-b17a-7ebcc62e6aac |
Measurement Period | January 1, 20XX through December 31, 20XX | ||
Measure Steward | National Committee for Quality Assurance | ||
Measure Developer | National Committee for Quality Assurance | ||
Endorsed By | None | ||
Description |
Percentage of adults 50-75 years of age who had appropriate screening for colorectal cancer |
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Copyright |
This Physician Performance Measure (Measure) and related data specifications are owned and were developed by the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA). NCQA is not responsible for any use of the Measure. NCQA makes no representations, warranties, or endorsement about the quality of any organization or physician that uses or reports performance measures and NCQA has no liability to anyone who relies on such measures or specifications. NCQA holds a copyright in the Measure. The Measure can be reproduced and distributed, without modification, for noncommercial purposes (e.g., use by healthcare providers in connection with their practices) without obtaining approval from NCQA. Commercial use is defined as the sale, licensing, or distribution of the Measure for commercial gain, or incorporation of the Measure into a product or service that is sold, licensed or distributed for commercial gain. All commercial uses or requests for modification must be approved by NCQA and are subject to a license at the discretion of NCQA. (C) 2012-2020 National Committee for Quality Assurance. All Rights Reserved. Limited proprietary coding is contained in the Measure specifications for user convenience. Users of proprietary code sets should obtain all necessary licenses from the owners of the code sets. NCQA disclaims all liability for use or accuracy of any third party codes contained in the specifications. CPT(R) contained in the Measure specifications is copyright 2004-2020 American Medical Association. LOINC(R) copyright 2004-2020 Regenstrief Institute, Inc. This material contains SNOMED Clinical Terms(R) (SNOMED CT[R]) copyright 2004-2020 International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation. ICD-10 copyright 2020 World Health Organization. All Rights Reserved. |
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Disclaimer |
The performance Measure is not a clinical guideline and does not establish a standard of medical care, and has not been tested for all potential applications. THE MEASURE AND SPECIFICATIONS ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. Due to technical limitations, registered trademarks are indicated by (R) or [R] and unregistered trademarks are indicated by (TM) or [TM]. |
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Measure Scoring | Proportion | ||
Measure Type | Process | ||
Stratification |
None |
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Risk Adjustment |
None |
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Rate Aggregation |
None |
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Rationale |
Colorectal cancer represents eight percent of all new cancer cases in the United States. In 2020, there were an estimated 147,950 new cases of colorectal cancer and an estimated 53,200 deaths attributed to it. According to the National Cancer Institute, about 4.2 percent of men and women will be diagnosed with colorectal cancer at some point during their lifetimes. For most adults, older age is the most important risk factor for colorectal cancer, although being male and black are also associated with higher incidence and mortality. Colorectal cancer is most frequently diagnosed among people 65 to 74 years old (National Cancer Institute, 2020). Screening can be effective for finding precancerous lesions (polyps) that could later become malignant, and for detecting early cancers that can be more easily and effectively treated. Precancerous polyps usually take about 10 to 15 years to develop into colorectal cancer, and most can be found and removed before turning into cancer. The five-year relative survival rate for people whose colorectal cancer is found in the early stage before it has spread is about 90 percent (American Cancer Society, 2020). |
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Clinical Recommendation Statement |
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (2016) recommends screening for colorectal cancer starting at age 50 years and continuing until age 75 years. This is a Grade A recommendation (U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, 2016). Appropriate screenings are defined by any one of the following: -Colonoscopy (every 10 years) -Flexible sigmoidoscopy (every 5 years) -Fecal occult blood test (annually) -FIT-DNA (every 3 years) -Computed tomographic colonography (every 5 years) |
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Improvement Notation |
Higher score indicates better quality |
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Reference |
Reference Type: CITATION Reference Text: 'American Cancer Society. (2020). Can Colorectal Polyps and Cancer Be Found Early? Retrieved September 22, 2020, from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html' |
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Reference |
Reference Type: CITATION Reference Text: 'National Cancer Institute. (2020). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 195-2017. Retrieved September 22, 2020, from SEER website: https://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2017/' |
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Reference |
Reference Type: CITATION Reference Text: 'US Preventive Services Task Force, Bibbins-Domingo, K., Grossman, D. C., Curry, S. J., Davidson, K. W., Epling, J. W., … Siu, A. L. (2016). Screening for Colorectal Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA, 315(23), 2564–2575. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.5989' |
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Definition |
None |
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Guidance |
Patient self-report for procedures as well as diagnostic studies should be recorded in "Procedure, Performed" template or "Diagnostic Study, Performed" template in QRDA-1. Do not count digital rectal exams (DRE), fecal occult blood tests (FOBTs) performed in an office setting or performed on a sample collected via DRE. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.5. Please refer to the eCQI resource center (https://ecqi.healthit.gov/qdm) for more information on the QDM. |
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Transmission Format |
TBD |
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Initial Population |
Patients 50-75 years of age with a visit during the measurement period |
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Denominator |
Equals Initial Population |
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Denominator Exclusions |
Exclude patients who are in hospice care for any part of the measurement period. Exclude patients with a diagnosis or past history of total colectomy or colorectal cancer. Exclude patients 66 and older who are living long term in an institution for more than 90 consecutive days during the measurement period. Exclude patients 66 and older with an indication of frailty for any part of the measurement period who meet any of the following criteria: - Advanced illness with two outpatient encounters during the measurement period or the year prior - OR advanced illness with one inpatient encounter during the measurement period or the year prior - OR taking dementia medications during the measurement period or the year prior Exclude patients receiving palliative care during the measurement period. |
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Numerator |
Patients with one or more screenings for colorectal cancer. Appropriate screenings are defined by any one of the following criteria: - Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) during the measurement period - Flexible sigmoidoscopy during the measurement period or the four years prior to the measurement period - Colonoscopy during the measurement period or the nine years prior to the measurement period - FIT-DNA during the measurement period or the two years prior to the measurement period - CT Colonography during the measurement period or the four years prior to the measurement period |
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Numerator Exclusions |
Not Applicable |
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Denominator Exceptions |
None |
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Supplemental Data Elements |
For every patient evaluated by this measure also identify payer, race, ethnicity and sex |
exists ( ["Patient Characteristic Birthdate": "Birth date"] BirthDate where Global."CalendarAgeInYearsAt" ( BirthDate.birthDatetime, start of "Measurement Period" ) in Interval[50, 75 ) and exists ( AdultOutpatientEncounters."Qualifying Encounters" union "Telehealth Services" ) )
"Initial Population"
Hospice."Has Hospice" or exists "Malignant Neoplasm" or exists "Total Colectomy Performed" or FrailtyLTI."Advanced Illness and Frailty Exclusion Not Including Over Age 80" or ( exists ["Patient Characteristic Birthdate": "Birth date"] BirthDate where ( Global."CalendarAgeInYearsAt" ( BirthDate.birthDatetime, start of "Measurement Period" ) >= 65 ) and FrailtyLTI."Has Long Term Care Periods Longer Than 90 Consecutive Days" ) or PalliativeCare."Palliative Care in the Measurement Period"
exists "Colonoscopy Performed" or exists "Fecal Occult Blood Test Performed" or exists "Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Performed" or exists "Fecal Immunochemical Test DNA Performed" or exists "CT Colonography Performed"
None
None
None
( ["Encounter, Performed": "Office Visit"] union ["Encounter, Performed": "Annual Wellness Visit"] union ["Encounter, Performed": "Preventive Care Services - Established Office Visit, 18 and Up"] union ["Encounter, Performed": "Preventive Care Services-Initial Office Visit, 18 and Up"] union ["Encounter, Performed": "Home Healthcare Services"] ) ValidEncounter where ValidEncounter.relevantPeriod during "Measurement Period"
exists ( ["Patient Characteristic Birthdate": "Birth date"] BirthDate where Global."CalendarAgeInYearsAt" ( BirthDate.birthDatetime, start of "Measurement Period" ) >= 65 and "Has Criteria Indicating Frailty" and ( exists "Two Outpatient Encounters with Advanced Illness on Different Dates of Service" or exists ( "Inpatient Encounter with Advanced Illness" ) or exists "Dementia Medications In Year Before or During Measurement Period" ) )
["Medication, Active": "Dementia Medications"] DementiaMed where Global."NormalizeInterval"(DementiaMed.relevantDatetime, DementiaMed.relevantPeriod) overlaps Interval[( start of "Measurement Period" - 1 year ), end of "Measurement Period"]
exists ( ["Device, Order": "Frailty Device"] FrailtyDeviceOrder where FrailtyDeviceOrder.authorDatetime during "Measurement Period" ) or exists ( ["Device, Applied": "Frailty Device"] FrailtyDeviceApplied where Global."NormalizeInterval" ( FrailtyDeviceApplied.relevantDatetime, FrailtyDeviceApplied.relevantPeriod ) overlaps "Measurement Period" ) or exists ( ["Diagnosis": "Frailty Diagnosis"] FrailtyDiagnosis where FrailtyDiagnosis.prevalencePeriod overlaps "Measurement Period" ) or exists ( ["Encounter, Performed": "Frailty Encounter"] FrailtyEncounter where FrailtyEncounter.relevantPeriod overlaps "Measurement Period" ) or exists ( ["Symptom": "Frailty Symptom"] FrailtySymptom where FrailtySymptom.prevalencePeriod overlaps "Measurement Period" )
"Max Long Term Care Period Length" > 90
["Encounter, Performed": "Acute Inpatient"] InpatientEncounter where exists ( InpatientEncounter.diagnoses Diagnosis where Diagnosis.code in "Advanced Illness" ) and InpatientEncounter.relevantPeriod starts 2 years or less on or before end of "Measurement Period"
from "Long Term Care Overlapping Periods" LTCPeriod1, "Long Term Care Overlapping Periods" LTCPeriod2 where end of LTCPeriod1 within 1 day of start of LTCPeriod2 return Interval[start of LTCPeriod1, end of LTCPeriod2]
collapse("Long Term Care Periods During Measurement Period")
( ["Encounter, Performed": "Care Services in Long-Term Residential Facility"] union ["Encounter, Performed": "Nursing Facility Visit"] ) LongTermFacilityEncounter where LongTermFacilityEncounter.relevantPeriod overlaps "Measurement Period" return LongTermFacilityEncounter.relevantPeriod intersect "Measurement Period"
Max((collapse("Long Term Care Overlapping Periods" union "Long Term Care Adjacent Periods" ))LTCPeriods return duration in days of LTCPeriods )
( ["Encounter, Performed": "Outpatient"] union ["Encounter, Performed": "Observation"] union ["Encounter, Performed": "Emergency Department Visit"] union ["Encounter, Performed": "Nonacute Inpatient"] ) OutpatientEncounter where exists ( OutpatientEncounter.diagnoses Diagnosis where Diagnosis.code in "Advanced Illness" ) and OutpatientEncounter.relevantPeriod starts 2 years or less on or before end of "Measurement Period"
from "Outpatient Encounters with Advanced Illness" OutpatientEncounter1, "Outpatient Encounters with Advanced Illness" OutpatientEncounter2 where OutpatientEncounter2.relevantPeriod ends 1 day or more after day of end of OutpatientEncounter1.relevantPeriod return OutpatientEncounter1
["Procedure, Performed": "Colonoscopy"] Colonoscopy where Global."NormalizeInterval" ( Colonoscopy.relevantDatetime, Colonoscopy.relevantPeriod ) ends 10 years or less on or before end of "Measurement Period"
["Diagnostic Study, Performed": "CT Colonography"] Colonography where Global."NormalizeInterval" ( Colonography.relevantDatetime, Colonography.relevantPeriod ) ends 5 years or less on or before end of "Measurement Period"
"Initial Population"
Hospice."Has Hospice" or exists "Malignant Neoplasm" or exists "Total Colectomy Performed" or FrailtyLTI."Advanced Illness and Frailty Exclusion Not Including Over Age 80" or ( exists ["Patient Characteristic Birthdate": "Birth date"] BirthDate where ( Global."CalendarAgeInYearsAt" ( BirthDate.birthDatetime, start of "Measurement Period" ) >= 65 ) and FrailtyLTI."Has Long Term Care Periods Longer Than 90 Consecutive Days" ) or PalliativeCare."Palliative Care in the Measurement Period"
["Laboratory Test, Performed": "FIT DNA"] FitDNA where FitDNA.result is not null and Global."LatestOf" ( FitDNA.relevantDatetime, FitDNA.relevantPeriod ) 3 years or less on or before end of "Measurement Period"
["Laboratory Test, Performed": "Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)"] FecalOccultResult where FecalOccultResult.result is not null and Global."LatestOf" ( FecalOccultResult.relevantDatetime, FecalOccultResult.relevantPeriod ) during "Measurement Period"
["Procedure, Performed": "Flexible Sigmoidoscopy"] FlexibleSigmoidoscopy where Global."NormalizeInterval" ( FlexibleSigmoidoscopy.relevantDatetime, FlexibleSigmoidoscopy.relevantPeriod ) ends 5 years or less on or before end of "Measurement Period"
exists ( ["Encounter, Performed": "Encounter Inpatient"] DischargeHospice where ( DischargeHospice.dischargeDisposition ~ "Discharge to home for hospice care (procedure)" or DischargeHospice.dischargeDisposition ~ "Discharge to healthcare facility for hospice care (procedure)" ) and DischargeHospice.relevantPeriod ends during "Measurement Period" ) or exists ( ["Intervention, Order": "Hospice care ambulatory"] HospiceOrder where HospiceOrder.authorDatetime during "Measurement Period" ) or exists ( ["Intervention, Performed": "Hospice care ambulatory"] HospicePerformed where Global."NormalizeInterval" ( HospicePerformed.relevantDatetime, HospicePerformed.relevantPeriod ) overlaps "Measurement Period" )
exists ( ["Patient Characteristic Birthdate": "Birth date"] BirthDate where Global."CalendarAgeInYearsAt" ( BirthDate.birthDatetime, start of "Measurement Period" ) in Interval[50, 75 ) and exists ( AdultOutpatientEncounters."Qualifying Encounters" union "Telehealth Services" ) )
["Diagnosis": "Malignant Neoplasm of Colon"] ColorectalCancer where ColorectalCancer.prevalencePeriod starts on or before end of "Measurement Period"
exists "Colonoscopy Performed" or exists "Fecal Occult Blood Test Performed" or exists "Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Performed" or exists "Fecal Immunochemical Test DNA Performed" or exists "CT Colonography Performed"
exists ( ["Assessment, Performed": "Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Palliative Care Questionnaire (FACIT-Pal)"] PalliativeAssessment where Global."NormalizeInterval"(PalliativeAssessment.relevantDatetime, PalliativeAssessment.relevantPeriod) overlaps "Measurement Period" ) or exists ( ["Encounter, Performed": "Palliative Care Encounter"] PalliativeEncounter where PalliativeEncounter.relevantPeriod overlaps "Measurement Period" ) or exists ( ["Intervention, Performed": "Palliative Care Intervention"] PalliativeIntervention where Global."NormalizeInterval"(PalliativeIntervention.relevantDatetime, PalliativeIntervention.relevantPeriod) overlaps "Measurement Period" )
["Patient Characteristic Ethnicity": "Ethnicity"]
["Patient Characteristic Payer": "Payer"]
["Patient Characteristic Race": "Race"]
["Patient Characteristic Sex": "ONC Administrative Sex"]
( ["Encounter, Performed": "Online Assessments"] union ["Encounter, Performed": "Telephone Visits"] ) TelehealthEncounter where TelehealthEncounter.relevantPeriod during "Measurement Period"
["Procedure, Performed": "Total Colectomy"] Colectomy where Global."NormalizeInterval" ( Colectomy.relevantDatetime, Colectomy.relevantPeriod ) ends on or before end of "Measurement Period"
years between ToDate(BirthDateTime)and ToDate(AsOf)
not ( end of period is null or end of period = maximum DateTime )
if ( HasEnd(period)) then end of period else start of period
Latest(NormalizeInterval(pointInTime, period))
if pointInTime is not null then Interval[pointInTime, pointInTime] else if period is not null then period else null as Interval<DateTime>
DateTime(year from Value, month from Value, day from Value, 0, 0, 0, 0, timezoneoffset from Value)
["Patient Characteristic Ethnicity": "Ethnicity"]
["Patient Characteristic Payer": "Payer"]
["Patient Characteristic Race": "Race"]
["Patient Characteristic Sex": "ONC Administrative Sex"]
Measure Set |
None |
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