eCQM Title | Pneumococcal Vaccination Status for Older Adults |
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eCQM Identifier (Measure Authoring Tool) | 127 | eCQM Version Number | 9.2.000 |
NQF Number | Not Applicable | GUID | 59657b9b-01bf-4979-a090-8534da1d0516 |
Measurement Period | January 1, 20XX through December 31, 20XX | ||
Measure Steward | National Committee for Quality Assurance | ||
Measure Developer | National Committee for Quality Assurance | ||
Endorsed By | None | ||
Description |
Percentage of patients 65 years of age and older who have ever received a pneumococcal vaccine |
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Copyright |
This Physician Performance Measure (Measure) and related data specifications are owned and were developed by the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA). NCQA is not responsible for any use of the Measure. NCQA makes no representations, warranties, or endorsement about the quality of any organization or physician that uses or reports performance measures and NCQA has no liability to anyone who relies on such measures or specifications. NCQA holds a copyright in the Measure. The Measure can be reproduced and distributed, without modification, for noncommercial purposes (e.g., use by healthcare providers in connection with their practices) without obtaining approval from NCQA. Commercial use is defined as the sale, licensing, or distribution of the Measure for commercial gain, or incorporation of the Measure into a product or service that is sold, licensed or distributed for commercial gain. All commercial uses or requests for modification must be approved by NCQA and are subject to a license at the discretion of NCQA. (C) 2012-2019 National Committee for Quality Assurance. All Rights Reserved. Limited proprietary coding is contained in the Measure specifications for user convenience. Users of proprietary code sets should obtain all necessary licenses from the owners of the code sets. NCQA disclaims all liability for use or accuracy of any third party codes contained in the specifications. CPT(R) contained in the Measure specifications is copyright 2004-2019 American Medical Association. LOINC(R) copyright 2004-2019 Regenstrief Institute, Inc. This material contains SNOMED Clinical Terms(R) (SNOMED CT[R]) copyright 2004-2019 International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation. ICD-10 copyright 2019 World Health Organization. All Rights Reserved. |
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Disclaimer |
The performance Measure is not a clinical guideline and does not establish a standard of medical care, and has not been tested for all potential applications. THE MEASURE AND SPECIFICATIONS ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. Due to technical limitations, registered trademarks are indicated by (R) or [R] and unregistered trademarks are indicated by (TM) or [TM]. |
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Measure Scoring | Proportion | ||
Measure Type | Process | ||
Stratification |
None |
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Risk Adjustment |
None |
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Rate Aggregation |
None |
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Rationale |
Pneumonia is a common cause of illness and death in the elderly and persons with certain underlying conditions. The major clinical syndromes of pneumococcal disease include pneumonia, bacteremia and meningitis, with pneumonia being the most common (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015a). Pneumonia symptoms generally include fever, chills, pleuritic chest pain, cough with sputum, dyspnea, tachypnea, hypoxia tachycardia, malaise and weakness. There are an estimated 400,000 cases of pneumonia in the U.S. each year and a 5 percent-7 percent mortality rate, although it may be higher among older adults and adults in nursing homes (CDC, 2015b; Janssens & Krause, 2004). Among the 91.5 million US adults aged > 50 years, 29,500 cases of IPD, 502,600 cases of nonbacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia and 25,400 pneumococcal-related deaths are estimated to occur yearly; annual direct and indirect costs are estimated to total $3.7 billion and $1.8 billion, respectively. Pneumococcal disease remains a substantial burden among older US adults, despite increased coverage with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, (PPV23) and indirect benefits afforded by PCV7 vaccination of young children (Weycker et al., 2011). Pneumococcal vaccines have been shown to be highly effective in preventing invasive pneumococcal disease. When comparing costs, outcomes and quality adjusted life years, immunization with the two recommended pneumococcal vaccines was found to be more economically efficient than no vaccination, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $25,841 per quality-adjusted life year gained (Chen et al., 2014). |
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Clinical Recommendation Statement |
In 2014, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) began recommending a dose of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) be followed by a dose of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) 6-12 months later in adults aged 65 and older who have not previously received a pneumococcal vaccination, and in persons over the age of two years who are considered to be at higher risk for pneumococcal disease due to an underlying condition. The two vaccines should not be coadministered and intervals for administration of the two vaccines vary slightly depending on the age, risk group, and history of vaccination (Kobayashi et al., 2015). In 2015, ACIP updated its recommendation and changed the interval between PCV13 and PPSV23, from 6-12 months to at least one year for immunocompetent adults aged >=65 years who have not previously received pneumococcal vaccine. For immunocompromised vaccine-naïve adults, the minimum acceptable interval between PCV13 and PPSV23 is 8 weeks. Both immunocompetent and immunocompromised adults aged >=65 years who have previously received a dose of PPSV23 when over the age of 65 should receive a dose of PCV13 at least one year after PPSV23 (>=1 year). Immunocompetent and immunocompromised adults aged >=65 who have previously received a dose of PPSV23 when under the age of 65, should also receive a dose of PCV13 at least one year after PPSV23 (>=1 year) and then another dose of PPSV23 at least one year after PCV13. It is recommended that for those that have this alternative three-dose schedule (2 PPSV23 and 1 PCV13), the three doses should be spread over a time period of five or more years (Kobayashi et al., 2015). |
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Improvement Notation |
Higher score indicates better quality |
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Reference |
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015a, June 10). Pneumococcal disease: Symptoms and complications. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/about/symptoms-complications.html |
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Reference |
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015b, June 19). Pneumococcal vaccination: Clinical Features. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/clinicians/clinical-features.html#pneumonia |
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Reference |
Chen, J., O’Brien, M. A., Yang, H. K., et al. (2014). Cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccines for adults in the United States. Advances in Therapy, 31(4), 392-409. |
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Reference |
Janssens, J. P., & Krause, K. H. (2004). Pneumonia in the very old. Lancet Infectious Diseases, 4(2), 112-124. |
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Reference |
Kobayashi, M., Bennett, N. M., Gierke, R., et al. (2015). "Intervals between PCV13 and PPSV23 vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)." Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 64(34), 947. |
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Reference |
Janssens, J.P., and K.H. Krause. 2004. Pneumonia in the very old. Lancet Infect Dis. 4(2):112–24. |
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Reference |
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2011). "Pneumonia." Retrieved from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/pnu/pnu_whatis.html |
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Reference |
Weycker, D., Strutton, D., Edelsberg, J., et al. (2011). "Clinical and economic burden of pneumococcal disease in older U.S. adults." Vaccine, 28(31), 4955-4960. |
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Definition |
None |
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Guidance |
Patient self-report for procedures as well as immunization s should be recorded in 'Procedure, Performed' template or 'Immunization, Administered' template in QRDA-1. ACIP (Kobayashi, 2015) provides guidance about the proper interval and relative timing for the administration of two pneumococcal vaccines; this measure assesses whether patients have received at least one of either vaccine. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.5. Please refer to the eCQI resource center (https://ecqi.healthit.gov/qdm) for more information on the QDM. |
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Transmission Format |
TBD |
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Initial Population |
Patients 65 years of age and older with a visit during the measurement period |
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Denominator |
Equals Initial Population |
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Denominator Exclusions |
Exclude patients whose hospice care overlaps the measurement period |
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Numerator |
Patients who have ever received a pneumococcal vaccination before the end of the measurement period |
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Numerator Exclusions |
Not Applicable |
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Denominator Exceptions |
None |
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Supplemental Data Elements |
For every patient evaluated by this measure also identify payer, race, ethnicity and sex |
exists ( ["Patient Characteristic Birthdate": "Birth date"] BirthDate where Global."CalendarAgeInYearsAt" ( BirthDate.birthDatetime, start of "Measurement Period" ) >= 65 ) and exists "Qualifying Encounters"
"Initial Population"
Hospice."Has Hospice"
exists ( ["Immunization, Administered": "Pneumococcal Vaccine"] PneumococcalVaccine where PneumococcalVaccine.relevantDatetime on or before end of "Measurement Period" ) or exists ( ["Procedure, Performed": "Pneumococcal Vaccine Administered"] PneumococcalVaccineGiven where PneumococcalVaccineGiven.relevantDatetime on or before end of "Measurement Period" )
None
None
None
"Initial Population"
Hospice."Has Hospice"
exists ( ["Encounter, Performed": "Encounter Inpatient"] DischargeHospice where ( DischargeHospice.dischargeDisposition ~ "Discharge to home for hospice care (procedure)" or DischargeHospice.dischargeDisposition ~ "Discharge to healthcare facility for hospice care (procedure)" ) and DischargeHospice.relevantPeriod ends during "Measurement Period" ) or exists ( ["Intervention, Order": "Hospice care ambulatory"] HospiceOrder where HospiceOrder.authorDatetime during "Measurement Period" ) or exists ( ["Intervention, Performed": "Hospice care ambulatory"] HospicePerformed where HospicePerformed.relevantPeriod overlaps "Measurement Period" )
exists ( ["Patient Characteristic Birthdate": "Birth date"] BirthDate where Global."CalendarAgeInYearsAt" ( BirthDate.birthDatetime, start of "Measurement Period" ) >= 65 ) and exists "Qualifying Encounters"
exists ( ["Immunization, Administered": "Pneumococcal Vaccine"] PneumococcalVaccine where PneumococcalVaccine.relevantDatetime on or before end of "Measurement Period" ) or exists ( ["Procedure, Performed": "Pneumococcal Vaccine Administered"] PneumococcalVaccineGiven where PneumococcalVaccineGiven.relevantDatetime on or before end of "Measurement Period" )
( ["Encounter, Performed": "Office Visit"] union ["Encounter, Performed": "Annual Wellness Visit"] union ["Encounter, Performed": "Preventive Care Services - Established Office Visit, 18 and Up"] union ["Encounter, Performed": "Preventive Care Services-Initial Office Visit, 18 and Up"] union ["Encounter, Performed": "Home Healthcare Services"] union ["Encounter, Performed": "Care Services in Long-Term Residential Facility"] union ["Encounter, Performed": "Nursing Facility Visit"] union ["Encounter, Performed": "Discharge Services - Nursing Facility"] ) ValidEncounter where ValidEncounter.relevantPeriod during "Measurement Period"
["Patient Characteristic Ethnicity": "Ethnicity"]
["Patient Characteristic Payer": "Payer"]
["Patient Characteristic Race": "Race"]
["Patient Characteristic Sex": "ONC Administrative Sex"]
years between ToDate(BirthDateTime)and ToDate(AsOf)
DateTime(year from Value, month from Value, day from Value, 0, 0, 0, 0, timezoneoffset from Value)
["Patient Characteristic Ethnicity": "Ethnicity"]
["Patient Characteristic Payer": "Payer"]
["Patient Characteristic Race": "Race"]
["Patient Characteristic Sex": "ONC Administrative Sex"]
Measure Set |
None |
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