Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis 10.2.000

This measure assesses the number of patients who received VTE prophylaxis or have documentation why no VTE prophylaxis was given between the day of arrival to the day after hospital admission or surgery end date for surgeries that start the day of or the day after hospital admission

Measure specifications are in the Public Domain.

LOINC(R) copyright 2004-2020 Regenstrief Institute, Inc. 

This material contains SNOMED Clinical Terms(R) (SNOMED CT[R]) copyright 2004-2020 International Health Terminology Standards Development Organization. ICD-10 copyright 2020 World Health Organization. All Rights Reserved.

These performance measures are not clinical guidelines and do not establish a standard of medical care, and have not been tested for all potential applications. The measures and specifications are provided without warranty.

Hospitalized patients at high-risk for VTE may develop an asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and die from pulmonary embolism (PE) even before the diagnosis is suspected. The majority of fatal events occur as sudden or abrupt death, underscoring the importance of prevention as the most critical action step for reducing death from PE (Geerts et al., 2008).

The estimated annual incidence of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), known collectively as venous thromboembolism (VTE), is approximately 900,000 (Geerts et al., 2008). Approximately two-thirds of cases of DVT or PE are associated with recent hospitalization. This is consistent with the 2001 report by The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). AHRQ indicates that "the appropriate application of effective preventive measures in hospitals has major potential for improving patient safety by reducing the incidence of venous thromboembolism" (Shojania et al., 2001).

Despite its proven effectiveness, rates of appropriate thromboprophylaxis remain low in both medical and surgical patients. A recent analysis from the ENDORSE survey, which evaluated prophylaxis rates in 17,084 major surgery patients, found that more than one third of patients at risk for VTE (38%) did not receive prophylaxis and that rates varied by surgery type (Cohen et al., 2008).

In a review of evidence-based patient safety practices, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality defined thromboprophylaxis against VTE as the "number one patient safety practice" for hospitalized patients (Shojania et al., 2001). Updated "safe practices" published by the National Quality Forum (NQF) recommend routine evaluation of hospitalized patients for risk of VTE and use of appropriate prophylaxis (National Quality Forum, 2006).

As noted by the ACCP, a vast number of randomized clinical trials provide irrefutable evidence that thromboprophylaxis reduces VTE events, and there are studies that have also shown that fatal PE is prevented by thromboprophylaxis (Geerts et al., 2008).

Some select surgeries have previously been monitored in the Surgical Care Improvement Project; since performance on these surgeries has achieved very high levels, they are not included in this measure.

Failure to recognize and protect patients at risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) increases the chances for acutely ill hospitalized patients at high risk for developing a deep vein thrombosis or dying from a pulmonary embolism. Screening all patients is the only evidence based practice in reducing incidence of disease. All hospitalized patients should be evaluated for primary VTE prophylaxis, and given appropriate prophylaxis when indicated.

Improvement noted as an increase in rate

Reference Type: CITATION

Reference Text: 'Cohen, A. T., Tapson, V. F., Bergmann, J. F., et al. (2008). Venous thromboembolism risk and prophylaxis in the acute hospital care setting (ENDORSE study): A multinational cross-sectional study. Lancet, 371, 387-394.'

Reference Type: CITATION

Reference Text: 'Geerts, W. H., Bergqvist, D., Pineo, G. F., et al. (2008). Prevention of venous thromboembolism: The Eighth ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest, 133, 381S-453S.'

Reference Type: CITATION

Reference Text: 'Guyatt, G. H., Akl, E. A., Crowther, M., et al. (2012). Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th edition: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest, 141(2 Suppl.), 7S-47S.'

Reference Type: CITATION

Reference Text: 'Kearon, C., Akl, E. A., Comerota, A. J., et al. (2012, February). Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th edition: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest, 141(2 Suppl.), e419S-e494S.'

Reference Type: CITATION

Reference Text: 'National Quality Forum. (2006). National voluntary consensus standards for prevention and care of venous thromboembolism: Policy, preferred practices, and initial performance measures—A consensus report. Washington, DC: National Quality Forum.'

Reference Type: CITATION

Reference Text: 'Shojania, K. G., Duncan, B. W., McDonald, D. M., et al. (eds.). (2001). Making health care safer: A critical analysis of patient safety practices. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No. 43. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.'

Reference Type: CITATION

Reference Text: 'Anderson, D. R., Morgano, G. P., Bennett, C., Dentali, F., Francis, C. W., Garcia, D. A., . . . Dahm, P. (2019). American Society of Hematology 2019 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: Prevention of venous thromboembolism in surgical hospitalized patients. Blood Advances, 3(23), 3898–3944. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000975.'

When low dose unfractionated heparin is administered for VTE Prophylaxis, the intended administration route for low dose unfractionated heparin is subcutaneous.

Reasons for no pharmacological and no mechanical VTE prophylaxis must be explicitly documented by the MD/APN/PA or pharmacist and linked with VTE prophylaxis. Ambulation alone is not a sufficient reason for not administering VTE prophylaxis. In order for ambulation/patient ambulating to be considered as an acceptable reason, there needs to be explicit documentation, e.g., "patient out of bed and ambulating in halls - no VTE prophylaxis needed."

This eCQM is an episode-based measure. An episode is defined as each inpatient hospitalization or encounter that ends during the measurement period.

This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.5. Please refer to the eCQI resource center (https://ecqi.healthit.gov/qdm) for more information on the QDM.

Inpatient hospitalizations for patients age 18 and older, discharged from hospital inpatient acute care without a diagnosis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) or obstetrics with a length of stay less than or equal to 120 days that ends during the measurement period

* Inpatient hospitalizations for patients who have a length of stay less than 2 days
* Inpatient hospitalizations for patients with comfort measures documented anytime between the day of arrival and the day after hospital admission
* Inpatient hospitalizations for patients with comfort measures documented by the day after surgery end date for surgeries that start the day of or the day after hospital admission
* Inpatient hospitalizations for patients who are direct admits to intensive care unit (ICU), or transferred to ICU the day of or the day after hospital admission with ICU length of stay greater than or equal to one day
* Inpatient hospitalizations for patients with a principal diagnosis of mental disorders or stroke
* Inpatient hospitalizations for patients with a principal procedure of Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) VTE selected surgeries

Inpatient hospitalizations for patients who received VTE prophylaxis:
- between the day of arrival and the day after hospital admission
- the day of or the day after surgery end date for surgeries that end the day of or the day after hospital admission

Inpatient hospitalizations for patients who have documentation of a reason why no VTE prophylaxis was given:
- between the day of arrival and the day after hospital admission
- the day of or the day after surgery end date (for surgeries that end the day of or the day after hospital admission)

For every patient evaluated by this measure also identify payer, race, ethnicity and sex

Initial Population

VTE."Encounter With Age Range and Without VTE Diagnosis or Obstetrical Conditions"

- Denominator
  - "Initial Population"

Denominator Exclusions

"Encounter Less Than 2 Days"
  union "Encounter With ICU Location Stay 1 Day or More"
  union "Encounter With Principal Diagnosis of Mental Disorder or Stroke"
  union "Encounter With Principal Procedure of SCIP VTE Selected Surgery"
  union "Encounter With Intervention Comfort Measures From Day of Start of Hospitalization To Day After Admission"
  union "Encounter With Intervention Comfort Measures on Day of or Day After Procedure"

Numerator

"Encounter With VTE Prophylaxis Received From Day of Start of Hospitalization To Day After Admission or Procedure"
  union ( "Encounter With Medication Oral Factor Xa Inhibitor Administered on Day of or Day After Admission or Procedure"
      intersect ( "Encounter With Prior or Present Diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation or VTE"
          union "Encounter With Prior or Present Procedure of Hip or Knee Replacement Surgery"
      )
  )
  union "Encounter With Low Risk for VTE or Anticoagulant Administered"
  union "Encounter With No VTE Prophylaxis Due to Medical Reason"
  union "Encounter With No VTE Prophylaxis Due to Patient Refusal"

- Numerator Exclusions
  - None

- Denominator Exceptions
  - None

- Stratification
  - None

Denominator
- - "Initial Population"

Denominator Exclusions

"Encounter Less Than 2 Days"
  union "Encounter With ICU Location Stay 1 Day or More"
  union "Encounter With Principal Diagnosis of Mental Disorder or Stroke"
  union "Encounter With Principal Procedure of SCIP VTE Selected Surgery"
  union "Encounter With Intervention Comfort Measures From Day of Start of Hospitalization To Day After Admission"
  union "Encounter With Intervention Comfort Measures on Day of or Day After Procedure"

Encounter Less Than 2 Days

VTE."Encounter With Age Range and Without VTE Diagnosis or Obstetrical Conditions" QualifyingEncounter
  where Global."LengthInDays" ( QualifyingEncounter.relevantPeriod ) < 2

Encounter With ICU Location Stay 1 Day or More

VTE."Encounter With Age Range and Without VTE Diagnosis or Obstetrical Conditions" QualifyingEncounter
  where exists ( QualifyingEncounter.facilityLocations Location
      where Location.code in "Intensive Care Unit"
        and Global."LengthInDays" ( Location.locationPeriod ) >= 1
        and Location.locationPeriod starts during Interval[start of QualifyingEncounter.relevantPeriod, Global."ToDate" ( start of QualifyingEncounter.relevantPeriod + 2 days ) )
  )

Encounter With Intervention Comfort Measures From Day of Start of Hospitalization To Day After Admission

VTE."Encounter With Age Range and Without VTE Diagnosis or Obstetrical Conditions" QualifyingEncounter
  with "Intervention Comfort Measures" ComfortMeasures
    such that Coalesce(start of Global."NormalizeInterval"(ComfortMeasures.relevantDatetime, ComfortMeasures.relevantPeriod), ComfortMeasures.authorDatetime)during VTE."FromDayOfStartOfHospitalizationToDayAfterAdmission" ( QualifyingEncounter )

Encounter With Intervention Comfort Measures on Day of or Day After Procedure

from
  VTE."Encounter With Age Range and Without VTE Diagnosis or Obstetrical Conditions" QualifyingEncounter,
  ["Procedure, Performed": "General or Neuraxial Anesthesia"] AnesthesiaProcedure,
  "Intervention Comfort Measures" ComfortMeasures
  where Global."NormalizeInterval" ( AnesthesiaProcedure.relevantDatetime, AnesthesiaProcedure.relevantPeriod ) ends 1 day after day of start of QualifyingEncounter.relevantPeriod
    and Coalesce(start of Global."NormalizeInterval"(ComfortMeasures.relevantDatetime, ComfortMeasures.relevantPeriod), ComfortMeasures.authorDatetime)during TJC."CalendarDayOfOrDayAfter" ( 
    end of Global."NormalizeInterval" ( AnesthesiaProcedure.relevantDatetime, AnesthesiaProcedure.relevantPeriod ) )
  return QualifyingEncounter

Encounter With Low Risk for VTE or Anticoagulant Administered

"Low Risk for VTE or Anticoagulant Administered From Day of Start of Hospitalization To Day After Admission"
  union "Low Risk for VTE or Anticoagulant Administered on Day of or Day After Procedure"

Encounter With Medication Oral Factor Xa Inhibitor Administered on Day of or Day After Admission or Procedure

( VTE."Encounter With Age Range and Without VTE Diagnosis or Obstetrical Conditions" QualifyingEncounter
    with ["Medication, Administered": "Oral Factor Xa Inhibitor for VTE Prophylaxis or VTE Treatment"] FactorXaMedication
      such that Global."NormalizeInterval" ( FactorXaMedication.relevantDatetime, FactorXaMedication.relevantPeriod ) starts during TJC."CalendarDayOfOrDayAfter" ( start of QualifyingEncounter.relevantPeriod )
)
  union ( from
      VTE."Encounter With Age Range and Without VTE Diagnosis or Obstetrical Conditions" QualifyingEncounter,
      ["Procedure, Performed": "General or Neuraxial Anesthesia"] AnesthesiaProcedure,
      ["Medication, Administered": "Oral Factor Xa Inhibitor for VTE Prophylaxis or VTE Treatment"] FactorXaMedication
      where Global."NormalizeInterval" ( AnesthesiaProcedure.relevantDatetime, AnesthesiaProcedure.relevantPeriod ) ends 1 day after day of start of QualifyingEncounter.relevantPeriod
        and Global."NormalizeInterval" ( FactorXaMedication.relevantDatetime, FactorXaMedication.relevantPeriod ) starts during TJC."CalendarDayOfOrDayAfter" ( 
        end of Global."NormalizeInterval" ( AnesthesiaProcedure.relevantDatetime, AnesthesiaProcedure.relevantPeriod ) )
      return QualifyingEncounter
  )

Encounter With No VTE Prophylaxis Due to Medical Reason

( "No VTE Prophylaxis Medication Due to Medical Reason From Day of Start of Hospitalization To Day After Admission"
    intersect "No VTE Prophylaxis Device Due to Medical Reason From Day of Start of Hospitalization To Day After Admission"
)
  union ( "No VTE Prophylaxis Medication Due to Medical Reason on Day of or Day After Procedure"
      intersect "No VTE Prophylaxis Device Due to Medical Reason on Day of or Day After Procedure"
  )

Encounter With No VTE Prophylaxis Due to Patient Refusal

"No VTE Prophylaxis Due to Patient Refusal From Day of Start of Hospitalization To Day After Admission"
  union "No VTE Prophylaxis Due to Patient Refusal on Day of or Day After Procedure"

Encounter With Principal Diagnosis of Mental Disorder or Stroke

VTE."Encounter With Age Range and Without VTE Diagnosis or Obstetrical Conditions" QualifyingEncounter
  where exists ( QualifyingEncounter.diagnoses EncounterDiagnoses
      where EncounterDiagnoses.rank = 1
        and ( EncounterDiagnoses.code in "Mental Health Diagnoses"
            or EncounterDiagnoses.code in "Hemorrhagic Stroke"
            or EncounterDiagnoses.code in "Ischemic Stroke"
        )
  )

Encounter With Principal Procedure of SCIP VTE Selected Surgery

VTE."Encounter With Age Range and Without VTE Diagnosis or Obstetrical Conditions" QualifyingEncounter
  with ( "SCIP VTE Selected Surgery" Procedure
    where Procedure.rank = 1 ) SelectedSCIPProcedure
    such that Global."NormalizeInterval" ( SelectedSCIPProcedure.relevantDatetime, SelectedSCIPProcedure.relevantPeriod ) during QualifyingEncounter.relevantPeriod

Encounter With Prior or Present Diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation or VTE

( VTE."Encounter With Age Range and Without VTE Diagnosis or Obstetrical Conditions" QualifyingEncounter
    with ["Diagnosis": "Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter"] AtrialFibrillation
      such that AtrialFibrillation.prevalencePeriod starts on or before 
      end of QualifyingEncounter.relevantPeriod
)
  union ( VTE."Encounter With Age Range and Without VTE Diagnosis or Obstetrical Conditions" QualifyingEncounter
      where exists ( QualifyingEncounter.diagnoses QualifyingEncounterDiagnoses
          where QualifyingEncounterDiagnoses.code in "Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter"
      )
  )
  union ( VTE."Encounter With Age Range and Without VTE Diagnosis or Obstetrical Conditions" QualifyingEncounter
      with ["Diagnosis": "Venous Thromboembolism"] VTEDiagnosis
        such that VTEDiagnosis.prevalencePeriod starts before start of QualifyingEncounter.relevantPeriod
  )

Encounter With Prior or Present Procedure of Hip or Knee Replacement Surgery

VTE."Encounter With Age Range and Without VTE Diagnosis or Obstetrical Conditions" QualifyingEncounter
  with ( ["Procedure, Performed": "Hip Replacement Surgery"]
    union ["Procedure, Performed": "Knee Replacement Surgery"] ) HipKneeProcedure
    such that Global."NormalizeInterval" ( HipKneeProcedure.relevantDatetime, HipKneeProcedure.relevantPeriod ) starts on or before 
    end of QualifyingEncounter.relevantPeriod

Encounter With VTE Prophylaxis Received From Day of Start of Hospitalization To Day After Admission or Procedure

( VTE."Encounter With Age Range and Without VTE Diagnosis or Obstetrical Conditions" QualifyingEncounter
    with "VTE Prophylaxis by Medication Administered or Device Applied" VTEProphylaxis
      such that Global."NormalizeInterval" ( VTEProphylaxis.relevantDatetime, VTEProphylaxis.relevantPeriod ) starts during VTE."FromDayOfStartOfHospitalizationToDayAfterAdmission" ( QualifyingEncounter )
)
  union ( from
      VTE."Encounter With Age Range and Without VTE Diagnosis or Obstetrical Conditions" QualifyingEncounter,
      ["Procedure, Performed": "General or Neuraxial Anesthesia"] AnesthesiaProcedure,
      "VTE Prophylaxis by Medication Administered or Device Applied" VTEProphylaxis
      where Global."NormalizeInterval" ( AnesthesiaProcedure.relevantDatetime, AnesthesiaProcedure.relevantPeriod ) ends 1 day after day of start of QualifyingEncounter.relevantPeriod
        and Global."NormalizeInterval" ( VTEProphylaxis.relevantDatetime, VTEProphylaxis.relevantPeriod ) starts during TJC."CalendarDayOfOrDayAfter" ( 
        end of Global."NormalizeInterval" ( AnesthesiaProcedure.relevantDatetime, AnesthesiaProcedure.relevantPeriod ) )
      return QualifyingEncounter
  )

Initial Population

VTE."Encounter With Age Range and Without VTE Diagnosis or Obstetrical Conditions"

Intervention Comfort Measures

["Intervention, Order": "Comfort Measures"]
  union ["Intervention, Performed": "Comfort Measures"]

Low Risk for VTE or Anticoagulant Administered From Day of Start of Hospitalization To Day After Admission

VTE."Encounter With Age Range and Without VTE Diagnosis or Obstetrical Conditions" QualifyingEncounter
  with "Low Risk Indicator For VTE" LowRiskForVTE
    such that LowRiskForVTE.LowRiskDatetime during VTE."FromDayOfStartOfHospitalizationToDayAfterAdmission" ( QualifyingEncounter )

Low Risk for VTE or Anticoagulant Administered on Day of or Day After Procedure

from
  VTE."Encounter With Age Range and Without VTE Diagnosis or Obstetrical Conditions" QualifyingEncounter,
  ["Procedure, Performed": "General or Neuraxial Anesthesia"] AnesthesiaProcedure,
  "Low Risk Indicator For VTE" LowRiskForVTE
  where Global."NormalizeInterval" ( AnesthesiaProcedure.relevantDatetime, AnesthesiaProcedure.relevantPeriod ) ends 1 day after day of start of QualifyingEncounter.relevantPeriod
    and LowRiskForVTE.LowRiskDatetime during TJC."CalendarDayOfOrDayAfter" ( 
    end of Global."NormalizeInterval" ( AnesthesiaProcedure.relevantDatetime, AnesthesiaProcedure.relevantPeriod ) )
  return QualifyingEncounter

Low Risk Indicator For VTE

/*The variable "LowRiskDatetime" is to hold VTE Risk Assessment relevant dateTime, INR Laboratory Test result dateTime, and Anticoagulant Medication administration start dateTime.*/
( ["Assessment, Performed": "Risk for venous thromboembolism"] VTERiskAssessment
    where VTERiskAssessment.result in "Low Risk"
    return {
      id: VTERiskAssessment.id,
      LowRiskDatetime: Global."EarliestOf" ( VTERiskAssessment.relevantDatetime, VTERiskAssessment.relevantPeriod )
    }
)
  union ( ["Laboratory Test, Performed": "INR"] INRLabTest
      where INRLabTest.result > 3.0
      return {
        id: INRLabTest.id,
        LowRiskDatetime: INRLabTest.resultDatetime
      }
  )
  union ( ( ( ["Medication, Administered": "Unfractionated Heparin"] UnfractionatedHeparin
        where UnfractionatedHeparin.route in "Intravenous route"
    )
      union ["Medication, Administered": "Direct Thrombin Inhibitor"]
      union ["Medication, Administered": "Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors"] ) AnticoagulantMedication
      return {
        id: AnticoagulantMedication.id,
        LowRiskDatetime: start of Global."NormalizeInterval" ( AnticoagulantMedication.relevantDatetime, AnticoagulantMedication.relevantPeriod )
      }
  )

Global.Inpatient Encounter

["Encounter, Performed": "Encounter Inpatient"] EncounterInpatient
  where "LengthInDays"(EncounterInpatient.relevantPeriod)<= 120
    and EncounterInpatient.relevantPeriod ends during day of "Measurement Period"

No VTE Prophylaxis Device Applied or Ordered

["Device, Not Applied": "Intermittent pneumatic compression devices (IPC)"]
  union ["Device, Not Applied": "Venous foot pumps (VFP)"]
  union ["Device, Not Applied": "Graduated compression stockings (GCS)"]
  union ["Device, Not Ordered": "Intermittent pneumatic compression devices (IPC)"]
  union ["Device, Not Ordered": "Venous foot pumps (VFP)"]
  union ["Device, Not Ordered": "Graduated compression stockings (GCS)"]

No VTE Prophylaxis Device Due to Medical Reason From Day of Start of Hospitalization To Day After Admission

VTE."Encounter With Age Range and Without VTE Diagnosis or Obstetrical Conditions" QualifyingEncounter
  with "No VTE Prophylaxis Device Applied or Ordered" NoVTEDevice
    such that NoVTEDevice.negationRationale in "Medical Reason"
      and NoVTEDevice.authorDatetime during VTE."FromDayOfStartOfHospitalizationToDayAfterAdmission" ( QualifyingEncounter )

No VTE Prophylaxis Device Due to Medical Reason on Day of or Day After Procedure

from
  VTE."Encounter With Age Range and Without VTE Diagnosis or Obstetrical Conditions" QualifyingEncounter,
  ["Procedure, Performed": "General or Neuraxial Anesthesia"] AnesthesiaProcedure,
  "No VTE Prophylaxis Device Applied or Ordered" NoVTEDevice
  where NoVTEDevice.negationRationale in "Medical Reason"
    and Global."NormalizeInterval" ( AnesthesiaProcedure.relevantDatetime, AnesthesiaProcedure.relevantPeriod ) ends 1 day after day of start of QualifyingEncounter.relevantPeriod
    and NoVTEDevice.authorDatetime during TJC."CalendarDayOfOrDayAfter" ( 
    end of Global."NormalizeInterval" ( AnesthesiaProcedure.relevantDatetime, AnesthesiaProcedure.relevantPeriod ) )
  return QualifyingEncounter

No VTE Prophylaxis Due to Patient Refusal From Day of Start of Hospitalization To Day After Admission

VTE."Encounter With Age Range and Without VTE Diagnosis or Obstetrical Conditions" QualifyingEncounter
  with "No VTE Prophylaxis Medication or Device Due to Patient Refusal" PatientRefusal
    such that PatientRefusal.authorDatetime during VTE."FromDayOfStartOfHospitalizationToDayAfterAdmission" ( QualifyingEncounter )

No VTE Prophylaxis Due to Patient Refusal on Day of or Day After Procedure

from
  VTE."Encounter With Age Range and Without VTE Diagnosis or Obstetrical Conditions" QualifyingEncounter,
  ["Procedure, Performed": "General or Neuraxial Anesthesia"] AnesthesiaProcedure,
  "No VTE Prophylaxis Medication or Device Due to Patient Refusal" PatientRefusal
  where Global."NormalizeInterval" ( AnesthesiaProcedure.relevantDatetime, AnesthesiaProcedure.relevantPeriod ) ends 1 day after day of start of QualifyingEncounter.relevantPeriod
    and PatientRefusal.authorDatetime during TJC."CalendarDayOfOrDayAfter" ( 
    end of Global."NormalizeInterval" ( AnesthesiaProcedure.relevantDatetime, AnesthesiaProcedure.relevantPeriod ) )
  return QualifyingEncounter

No VTE Prophylaxis Medication Administered or Ordered

["Medication, Not Administered": "Low Dose Unfractionated Heparin for VTE Prophylaxis"]
  union ["Medication, Not Administered": "Low Molecular Weight Heparin for VTE Prophylaxis"]
  union ["Medication, Not Administered": "Injectable Factor Xa Inhibitor for VTE Prophylaxis"]
  union ["Medication, Not Administered": "Warfarin"]
  union ["Medication, Not Administered": "Rivaroxaban for VTE Prophylaxis"]
  union ["Medication, Not Ordered": "Low Dose Unfractionated Heparin for VTE Prophylaxis"]
  union ["Medication, Not Ordered": "Low Molecular Weight Heparin for VTE Prophylaxis"]
  union ["Medication, Not Ordered": "Injectable Factor Xa Inhibitor for VTE Prophylaxis"]
  union ["Medication, Not Ordered": "Warfarin"]
  union ["Medication, Not Ordered": "Rivaroxaban for VTE Prophylaxis"]

No VTE Prophylaxis Medication Due to Medical Reason From Day of Start of Hospitalization To Day After Admission

VTE."Encounter With Age Range and Without VTE Diagnosis or Obstetrical Conditions" QualifyingEncounter
  with "No VTE Prophylaxis Medication Administered or Ordered" NoVTEMedication
    such that NoVTEMedication.negationRationale in "Medical Reason"
      and NoVTEMedication.authorDatetime during VTE."FromDayOfStartOfHospitalizationToDayAfterAdmission" ( QualifyingEncounter )

No VTE Prophylaxis Medication Due to Medical Reason on Day of or Day After Procedure

from
  VTE."Encounter With Age Range and Without VTE Diagnosis or Obstetrical Conditions" QualifyingEncounter,
  ["Procedure, Performed": "General or Neuraxial Anesthesia"] AnesthesiaProcedure,
  "No VTE Prophylaxis Medication Administered or Ordered" NoVTEMedication
  where NoVTEMedication.negationRationale in "Medical Reason"
    and Global."NormalizeInterval" ( AnesthesiaProcedure.relevantDatetime, AnesthesiaProcedure.relevantPeriod ) ends 1 day after day of start of QualifyingEncounter.relevantPeriod
    and NoVTEMedication.authorDatetime during TJC."CalendarDayOfOrDayAfter" ( 
    end of Global."NormalizeInterval" ( AnesthesiaProcedure.relevantDatetime, AnesthesiaProcedure.relevantPeriod ) )
  return QualifyingEncounter

No VTE Prophylaxis Medication or Device Due to Patient Refusal

( "No VTE Prophylaxis Medication Administered or Ordered"
  union "No VTE Prophylaxis Device Applied or Ordered" ) NoVTEProphylaxis
  where NoVTEProphylaxis.negationRationale in "Patient Refusal"

Numerator

"Encounter With VTE Prophylaxis Received From Day of Start of Hospitalization To Day After Admission or Procedure"
  union ( "Encounter With Medication Oral Factor Xa Inhibitor Administered on Day of or Day After Admission or Procedure"
      intersect ( "Encounter With Prior or Present Diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation or VTE"
          union "Encounter With Prior or Present Procedure of Hip or Knee Replacement Surgery"
      )
  )
  union "Encounter With Low Risk for VTE or Anticoagulant Administered"
  union "Encounter With No VTE Prophylaxis Due to Medical Reason"
  union "Encounter With No VTE Prophylaxis Due to Patient Refusal"

SCIP VTE Selected Surgery

//'SCIP' stands for Surgical Care Improvement Project
["Procedure, Performed": "General Surgery"]
  union ["Procedure, Performed": "Gynecological Surgery"]
  union ["Procedure, Performed": "Hip Fracture Surgery"]
  union ["Procedure, Performed": "Hip Replacement Surgery"]
  union ["Procedure, Performed": "Intracranial Neurosurgery"]
  union ["Procedure, Performed": "Knee Replacement Surgery"]
  union ["Procedure, Performed": "Urological Surgery"]

SDE Ethnicity

["Patient Characteristic Ethnicity": "Ethnicity"]

SDE Payer

["Patient Characteristic Payer": "Payer"]

SDE Race
- - ["Patient Characteristic Race": "Race"]

SDE Sex

["Patient Characteristic Sex": "ONC Administrative Sex"]

VTE Prophylaxis by Medication Administered or Device Applied

( ["Medication, Administered": "Low Dose Unfractionated Heparin for VTE Prophylaxis"] VTEMedication
    where VTEMedication.route in "Subcutaneous route"
)
  union ["Medication, Administered": "Low Molecular Weight Heparin for VTE Prophylaxis"]
  union ["Medication, Administered": "Injectable Factor Xa Inhibitor for VTE Prophylaxis"]
  union ["Medication, Administered": "Warfarin"]
  union ["Medication, Administered": "Rivaroxaban for VTE Prophylaxis"]
  union ["Device, Applied": "Intermittent pneumatic compression devices (IPC)"]
  union ["Device, Applied": "Venous foot pumps (VFP)"]
  union ["Device, Applied": "Graduated compression stockings (GCS)"]

VTE.Admission Without VTE or Obstetrical Conditions

Global."Inpatient Encounter" InpatientEncounter
  where not ( exists ( InpatientEncounter.diagnoses EncounterDiagnoses
        where ( EncounterDiagnoses.code in "Obstetrics"
            or EncounterDiagnoses.code in "Venous Thromboembolism"
            or EncounterDiagnoses.code in "Obstetrics VTE"
        )
    )
  )

VTE.Encounter With Age Range and Without VTE Diagnosis or Obstetrical Conditions

( Global."Inpatient Encounter" InpatientEncounter
    with ["Patient Characteristic Birthdate": "Birth date"] BirthDate
      such that Global."CalendarAgeInYearsAt" ( BirthDate.birthDatetime, start of InpatientEncounter.relevantPeriod ) >= 18
)
  intersect "Admission Without VTE or Obstetrical Conditions"

Global.CalendarAgeInYearsAt(BirthDateTime DateTime, AsOf DateTime)
- - years between ToDate(BirthDateTime)and ToDate(AsOf)

Global.Earliest(period Interval<DateTime>)

if ( HasStart(period)) then start of period 
  else 
end of period

Global.EarliestOf(pointInTime DateTime, period Interval<DateTime>)
- - Earliest(NormalizeInterval(pointInTime, period))

Global.HasStart(period Interval<DateTime>)

not ( start of period is null
    or start of period = minimum DateTime
)

Global.HospitalizationWithObservation(Encounter "Encounter, Performed")

Encounter Visit
	let ObsVisit: Last(["Encounter, Performed": "Observation Services"] LastObs
			where LastObs.relevantPeriod ends 1 hour or less on or before start of Visit.relevantPeriod
			sort by 
			end of relevantPeriod
	),
	VisitStart: Coalesce(start of ObsVisit.relevantPeriod, start of Visit.relevantPeriod),
	EDVisit: Last(["Encounter, Performed": "Emergency Department Visit"] LastED
			where LastED.relevantPeriod ends 1 hour or less on or before VisitStart
			sort by 
			end of relevantPeriod
	)
	return Interval[Coalesce(start of EDVisit.relevantPeriod, VisitStart), 
	end of Visit.relevantPeriod]

Global.LengthInDays(Value Interval<DateTime>)

difference in days between start of Value and end of Value

Global.NormalizeInterval(pointInTime DateTime, period Interval<DateTime>)

if pointInTime is not null then Interval[pointInTime, pointInTime]
  else if period is not null then period 
  else null as Interval<DateTime>

Global.ToDate(Value DateTime)

DateTime(year from Value, month from Value, day from Value, 0, 0, 0, 0, timezoneoffset from Value)

TJC.CalendarDayOfOrDayAfter(StartValue DateTime)

Interval[Global."ToDate" ( StartValue ), Global."ToDate" ( StartValue + 2 days ) )

VTE.FromDayOfStartOfHospitalizationToDayAfterAdmission(Encounter "Encounter, Performed")

Interval[Global."ToDate"(start of Global."HospitalizationWithObservation"(Encounter)), Global."ToDate"(start of Encounter.relevantPeriod + 2 days))

code "Birth date" ("LOINC Code (21112-8)")
code "Risk for venous thromboembolism" ("LOINC Code (72136-5)")
valueset "Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.202)
valueset "Comfort Measures" (1.3.6.1.4.1.33895.1.3.0.45)
valueset "Direct Thrombin Inhibitor" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.205)
valueset "Emergency Department Visit" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.292)
valueset "Encounter Inpatient" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.666.5.307)
valueset "Ethnicity" (2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.837)
valueset "General or Neuraxial Anesthesia" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.666.5.1743)
valueset "General Surgery" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.255)
valueset "Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors" (2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1045.41)
valueset "Graduated compression stockings (GCS)" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.256)
valueset "Gynecological Surgery" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.257)
valueset "Hemorrhagic Stroke" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.212)
valueset "Hip Fracture Surgery" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.258)
valueset "Hip Replacement Surgery" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.259)
valueset "Injectable Factor Xa Inhibitor for VTE Prophylaxis" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.211)
valueset "INR" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.213)
valueset "Intensive Care Unit" (2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1029.206)
valueset "Intermittent pneumatic compression devices (IPC)" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.214)
valueset "Intracranial Neurosurgery" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.260)
valueset "Intravenous route" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.222)
valueset "Ischemic Stroke" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.247)
valueset "Knee Replacement Surgery" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.261)
valueset "Low Dose Unfractionated Heparin for VTE Prophylaxis" (2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1045.39)
valueset "Low Molecular Weight Heparin for VTE Prophylaxis" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.219)
valueset "Low Risk" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.400)
valueset "Medical Reason" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.473)
valueset "Mental Health Diagnoses" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.105.12.1004)
valueset "Observation Services" (2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1111.143)
valueset "Obstetrics" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.263)
valueset "Obstetrics VTE" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.264)
valueset "ONC Administrative Sex" (2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1)
valueset "Oral Factor Xa Inhibitor for VTE Prophylaxis or VTE Treatment" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.134)
valueset "Patient Refusal" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.93)
valueset "Payer" (2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.3591)
valueset "Race" (2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.836)
valueset "Rivaroxaban for VTE Prophylaxis" (2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1110.50)
valueset "Subcutaneous route" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.223)
valueset "Unfractionated Heparin" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.218)
valueset "Urological Surgery" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.272)
valueset "Venous foot pumps (VFP)" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.230)
valueset "Venous Thromboembolism" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.279)
valueset "Warfarin" (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.232)

"Assessment, Performed: Risk for venous thromboembolism" using "Risk for venous thromboembolism (LOINC Code 72136-5)"
"Device, Applied: Graduated compression stockings (GCS)" using "Graduated compression stockings (GCS) (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.256)"
"Device, Applied: Intermittent pneumatic compression devices (IPC)" using "Intermittent pneumatic compression devices (IPC) (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.214)"
"Device, Applied: Venous foot pumps (VFP)" using "Venous foot pumps (VFP) (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.230)"
"Device, Not Applied: Graduated compression stockings (GCS)" using "Graduated compression stockings (GCS) (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.256)"
"Device, Not Applied: Intermittent pneumatic compression devices (IPC)" using "Intermittent pneumatic compression devices (IPC) (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.214)"
"Device, Not Applied: Venous foot pumps (VFP)" using "Venous foot pumps (VFP) (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.230)"
"Device, Not Ordered: Graduated compression stockings (GCS)" using "Graduated compression stockings (GCS) (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.256)"
"Device, Not Ordered: Intermittent pneumatic compression devices (IPC)" using "Intermittent pneumatic compression devices (IPC) (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.214)"
"Device, Not Ordered: Venous foot pumps (VFP)" using "Venous foot pumps (VFP) (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.230)"
"Diagnosis: Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter" using "Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.202)"
"Diagnosis: Venous Thromboembolism" using "Venous Thromboembolism (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.279)"
"Encounter, Performed: Emergency Department Visit" using "Emergency Department Visit (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.292)"
"Encounter, Performed: Encounter Inpatient" using "Encounter Inpatient (2.16.840.1.113883.3.666.5.307)"
"Encounter, Performed: Observation Services" using "Observation Services (2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1111.143)"
"Intervention, Order: Comfort Measures" using "Comfort Measures (1.3.6.1.4.1.33895.1.3.0.45)"
"Intervention, Performed: Comfort Measures" using "Comfort Measures (1.3.6.1.4.1.33895.1.3.0.45)"
"Laboratory Test, Performed: INR" using "INR (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.213)"
"Medication, Administered: Direct Thrombin Inhibitor" using "Direct Thrombin Inhibitor (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.205)"
"Medication, Administered: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors" using "Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors (2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1045.41)"
"Medication, Administered: Injectable Factor Xa Inhibitor for VTE Prophylaxis" using "Injectable Factor Xa Inhibitor for VTE Prophylaxis (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.211)"
"Medication, Administered: Low Dose Unfractionated Heparin for VTE Prophylaxis" using "Low Dose Unfractionated Heparin for VTE Prophylaxis (2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1045.39)"
"Medication, Administered: Low Molecular Weight Heparin for VTE Prophylaxis" using "Low Molecular Weight Heparin for VTE Prophylaxis (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.219)"
"Medication, Administered: Oral Factor Xa Inhibitor for VTE Prophylaxis or VTE Treatment" using "Oral Factor Xa Inhibitor for VTE Prophylaxis or VTE Treatment (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.134)"
"Medication, Administered: Rivaroxaban for VTE Prophylaxis" using "Rivaroxaban for VTE Prophylaxis (2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1110.50)"
"Medication, Administered: Unfractionated Heparin" using "Unfractionated Heparin (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.218)"
"Medication, Administered: Warfarin" using "Warfarin (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.232)"
"Medication, Not Administered: Injectable Factor Xa Inhibitor for VTE Prophylaxis" using "Injectable Factor Xa Inhibitor for VTE Prophylaxis (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.211)"
"Medication, Not Administered: Low Dose Unfractionated Heparin for VTE Prophylaxis" using "Low Dose Unfractionated Heparin for VTE Prophylaxis (2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1045.39)"
"Medication, Not Administered: Low Molecular Weight Heparin for VTE Prophylaxis" using "Low Molecular Weight Heparin for VTE Prophylaxis (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.219)"
"Medication, Not Administered: Rivaroxaban for VTE Prophylaxis" using "Rivaroxaban for VTE Prophylaxis (2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1110.50)"
"Medication, Not Administered: Warfarin" using "Warfarin (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.232)"
"Medication, Not Ordered: Injectable Factor Xa Inhibitor for VTE Prophylaxis" using "Injectable Factor Xa Inhibitor for VTE Prophylaxis (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.211)"
"Medication, Not Ordered: Low Dose Unfractionated Heparin for VTE Prophylaxis" using "Low Dose Unfractionated Heparin for VTE Prophylaxis (2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1045.39)"
"Medication, Not Ordered: Low Molecular Weight Heparin for VTE Prophylaxis" using "Low Molecular Weight Heparin for VTE Prophylaxis (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.219)"
"Medication, Not Ordered: Rivaroxaban for VTE Prophylaxis" using "Rivaroxaban for VTE Prophylaxis (2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1110.50)"
"Medication, Not Ordered: Warfarin" using "Warfarin (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.232)"
"Patient Characteristic Birthdate: Birth date" using "Birth date (LOINC Code 21112-8)"
"Patient Characteristic Ethnicity: Ethnicity" using "Ethnicity (2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.837)"
"Patient Characteristic Payer: Payer" using "Payer (2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.3591)"
"Patient Characteristic Race: Race" using "Race (2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.836)"
"Patient Characteristic Sex: ONC Administrative Sex" using "ONC Administrative Sex (2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1)"
"Procedure, Performed: General or Neuraxial Anesthesia" using "General or Neuraxial Anesthesia (2.16.840.1.113883.3.666.5.1743)"
"Procedure, Performed: General Surgery" using "General Surgery (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.255)"
"Procedure, Performed: Gynecological Surgery" using "Gynecological Surgery (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.257)"
"Procedure, Performed: Hip Fracture Surgery" using "Hip Fracture Surgery (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.258)"
"Procedure, Performed: Hip Replacement Surgery" using "Hip Replacement Surgery (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.259)"
"Procedure, Performed: Intracranial Neurosurgery" using "Intracranial Neurosurgery (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.260)"
"Procedure, Performed: Knee Replacement Surgery" using "Knee Replacement Surgery (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.261)"
"Procedure, Performed: Urological Surgery" using "Urological Surgery (2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.272)"

["Patient Characteristic Ethnicity": "Ethnicity"]

["Patient Characteristic Payer": "Payer"]

```
["Patient Characteristic Race": "Race"]
```

["Patient Characteristic Sex": "ONC Administrative Sex"]

eMeasure Venous Thromboembolism (eVTE)

Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis

Table of Contents

Population Criteria

Definitions

Functions

Terminology

Data Criteria (QDM Data Elements)

Supplemental Data Elements

Risk Adjustment Variables