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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Beta-Blocker Therapy-Prior Myocardial Infarction (MI) or Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction (LVEF less than 40%)

Compare Versions of: "Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Beta-Blocker Therapy-Prior Myocardial Infarction (MI) or Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction (LVEF less than 40%)"

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Measure Information 2022 Performance Period 2023 Performance Period 2024 Performance Period
Title Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Beta-Blocker Therapy-Prior Myocardial Infarction (MI) or Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction (LVEF less than 40%) Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Beta-Blocker Therapy-Prior Myocardial Infarction (MI) or Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction (LVEF less than or equal to 40%) Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Beta-Blocker Therapy-Prior Myocardial Infarction (MI) or Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction (LVEF) less than or equal to 40%
CMS eCQM ID CMS145v10 CMS145v11 CMS145v12
CBE ID 0070e 0070e 0070e
MIPS Quality ID 007 007 007
Description

Percentage of patients aged 18 years and older with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease seen within a 12-month period who also have a prior MI or a current or prior LVEF < 40% who were prescribed beta-blocker therapy

Percentage of patients aged 18 years and older with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease seen within a 12-month period who also have a prior MI or a current or prior LVEF <=40% who were prescribed beta-blocker therapy

Percentage of patients aged 18 years and older with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease seen within a 12-month period who also have a prior MI or a current or prior LVEF <=40% who were prescribed beta-blocker therapy

Definition *See CMS145v10.html *See CMS145v11.html

Prescribed may include prescription given to the patient for beta-blocker therapy at one or more visits in the measurement period OR patient already taking beta-blocker therapy as documented in current medication list.

Prior Myocardial Infarction (MI) for denominator 2 is limited to those occurring within the past 3 years.

LVEF <= 40% corresponds to qualitative documentation of moderate dysfunction or severe dysfunction (LVSD). The LVSD may be determined by quantitative or qualitative assessment, which may be current or historical. Examples of a quantitative or qualitative assessment may include an echocardiogram:

1) that provides a numerical value of LVSD or 2) that uses descriptive terms such as moderately or severely depressed left ventricular systolic function. Any current or prior ejection fraction study documenting LVSD can be used to identify patients.

Initial Population

All patients aged 18 years and older with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease seen within a 12-month period

All patients aged 18 years and older with two qualifying encounters during the measurement period and a diagnosis of coronary artery disease

All patients aged 18 years and older with two qualifying encounters during the measurement period and a diagnosis of coronary artery disease

Numerator

Patients who were prescribed beta-blocker therapy

Patients who were prescribed beta-blocker therapy

Patients who were prescribed beta-blocker therapy

Numerator Exclusions

Not Applicable

Not Applicable

Not Applicable

Denominator

Equals Initial Population who also have prior (within the past 3 years) MI or a current or prior LVEF <40%

Equals Initial Population who also have prior (within the past 3 years) MI or a current or prior LVEF <=40%

Equals Initial Population who also have prior (within the past 3 years) MI or a current or prior LVEF <=40%

Denominator Exclusions

None

None

None

Denominator Exceptions

Documentation of medical reason(s) for not prescribing beta-blocker therapy (e.g., allergy, intolerance, other medical reasons).

Documentation of patient reason(s) for not prescribing beta-blocker therapy (e.g., patient declined, other patient reasons).

Documentation of system reason(s) for not prescribing beta-blocker therapy (e.g., other reasons attributable to the health care system).

Documentation of medical reason(s) for not prescribing beta-blocker therapy (e.g., arrhythmia, asthma, bradycardia, hypotension, patients with atrioventricular block without cardiac pacer, observation of consecutive heart rates <50, allergy, intolerance, other medical reasons).

Documentation of patient reason(s) for not prescribing beta-blocker therapy (e.g., patient declined, other patient reasons).

Documentation of system reason(s) for not prescribing beta-blocker therapy (e.g., other reasons attributable to the health care system).

Documentation of medical reason(s) for not prescribing beta-blocker therapy (e.g., arrhythmia, asthma, bradycardia, hypotension, patients with atrioventricular block without cardiac pacer, observation of consecutive heart rates <50, allergy, intolerance, other medical reasons).

Documentation of patient reason(s) for not prescribing beta-blocker therapy (e.g., patient declined, other patient reasons).

Measure Steward American Heart Association-American Stroke Association American Heart Association American Heart Association
Measure Scoring Proportion measure Proportion measure Proportion measure
Measure Type Process measure Process measure Process measure
Improvement Notation

Higher score indicates better quality

Higher score indicates better quality

Higher score indicates better quality

Guidance

Beta-blocker therapy:

- For patients with prior MI, beta-blocker therapy includes any agent within the beta-blocker drug class. As of 2015, no recommendations or evidence are cited in current stable ischemic heart disease guidelines for preferential use of specific agents

- For patients with prior LVEF <40%, beta-blocker therapy includes the following: bisoprolol, carvedilol, or sustained release metoprolol succinate

The requirement of two or more visits is to establish that the eligible professional or eligible clinician has an existing relationship with the patient.

A range value should satisfy the logic requirement for 'Ejection Fraction' as long as the ranged observation value clearly meets the less than 40% threshold noted in the denominator logic. A range that is inclusive of or greater than 40% would not meet the measure requirement.

If a patient has had a myocardial infarction (MI) within the past 3 years and a current or prior LVEF < 40% (or moderate or severe LVSD), the patient should only be counted in Population Criteria 1.

This eCQM is a patient-based measure.

This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.5. Please refer to the eCQI resource center for more information on the QDM.

Beta-blocker therapy:

- For patients with prior MI, beta-blocker therapy includes any agent within the beta-blocker drug class. As of 2015, no recommendations or evidence are cited in current stable ischemic heart disease guidelines for preferential use of specific agents

- For patients with prior LVEF <=40%, beta-blocker therapy includes the following: bisoprolol, carvedilol, or sustained release metoprolol succinate

The requirement of two or more visits is to establish that the eligible professional or eligible clinician has an existing relationship with the patient.

A range value should satisfy the logic requirement for 'Ejection Fraction' as long as the ranged observation value clearly meets the less than or equal to 40% threshold noted in the denominator logic. A range that is greater than 40% would not meet the measure requirement.

If a patient has had a myocardial infarction (MI) within the past 3 years and a current or prior LVEF <=40% (or moderate or severe LVSD), the patient should only be counted in Population Criteria 1.

This eCQM is a patient-based measure.

This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM.

Beta-blocker therapy:

- For patients with prior MI, beta-blocker therapy includes any agent within the beta-blocker drug class. As of 2015, no recommendations or evidence are cited in current stable ischemic heart disease guidelines for preferential use of specific agents

- For patients with prior LVEF <=40%, beta-blocker therapy includes the following: bisoprolol, carvedilol, or sustained release metoprolol succinate

The requirement of two or more visits is to establish that the eligible professional or eligible clinician has an existing relationship with the patient.

A range value should satisfy the logic requirement for 'Ejection Fraction' as long as the ranged observation value clearly meets the less than or equal to 40% threshold noted in the denominator logic. A range that is greater than 40% would not meet the measure requirement.

In order for the Ejection Fraction result pathway to be recognized as below 40%, the result must be reported as a number with unit of %. A text string of "below 40%" or "ejection fraction between 35 and 40%" will not be recognized through electronic data capture. Although, this criteria can also be met using the Diagnosis pathway if specified as "Moderate or Severe."

If a patient has had a myocardial infarction (MI) within the past 3 years and a current or prior LVEF <=40% (or moderate or severe LVSD), the patient should only be counted in Population Criteria 1.

This eCQM is a patient-based measure.

This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.6. Please refer to the QDM page for more information on the QDM.

Telehealth Eligible Yes Yes Yes
Rationale *See CMS145v10.html *See CMS145v11.html

For patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), beta-blockers are recommended for 3 years after myocardial infarction or acute coronary syndrome. Beta-blockers, particularly carvedilol, metoprolol succinate, or bisoprolol which have been shown to reduce risk of death, are recommended indefinitely for patients with CAD and LV systolic dysfunction. These agents have proven efficacy in reducing angina onset and improving the ischemic threshold during exercise. In patients who have suffered an MI, beta-blockers significantly reduce deaths and recurrent MIs (ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS, 2012).

Nonadherence to cardioprotective medications is prevalent among outpatients with CAD and can be associated with a broad range of adverse outcomes, including all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular hospitalizations, and the need for revascularization procedures (ACC/AHA, 2002).

This measure is intended to promote beta-blocker usage in select patients with CAD.

Stratification *See CMS145v10.html *See CMS145v11.html

None

Risk Adjustment *See CMS145v10.html *See CMS145v11.html

None

Clinical Recommendation Statement *See CMS145v10.html *See CMS145v11.html

Beta-blocker therapy should be started and continued for 3 years in all patients with normal LV function after MI or ACS (Class I, Level of Evidence: B) (ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS, 2012).

Beta-blocker therapy should be used in all patients with LV systolic dysfunction (EF <= 40%) with heart failure or prior MI, unless contraindicated. (Use should be limited to carvedilol, metoprolol succinate, or bisoprolol, which have been shown to reduce risk of death.) (Class I, Level of Evidence: A) (ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS, 2012).

Notes

*There is a known issue on CMS145v10. See issue EKI-12 on the ONC eCQM Known Issues Dashboard for details.

Next Version No Version Available
Previous Version No Version Available

Header

  • Updated the eCQM version number.

    Measure Section: eCQM Version Number

    Source of Change: Annual Update

  • Updated Measure Steward.

    Measure Section: Measure Steward

    Source of Change: Measure Lead

  • Updated Measure Developer.

    Measure Section: Measure Developer

    Source of Change: Measure Lead

  • Updated copyright.

    Measure Section: Copyright

    Source of Change: Annual Update

  • Updated disclaimer.

    Measure Section: Disclaimer

    Source of Change: Annual Update

  • Updated references.

    Measure Section: Reference

    Source of Change: Annual Update

  • Updated definition pertaining to Moderate to Severe LVSD to better align with logic.

    Measure Section: Definition

    Source of Change: Annual Update

Logic

  • Updated timing logic so that cardiac pacers in existence before the index encounter are considered for the denominator exception.

    Measure Section: Denominator Exceptions

    Source of Change: ONC Project Tracking System (Jira): QRDA-964

  • Updated Outpatient Encounter definitions to remove FaceToFaceEncounter language to signal broadening of encounter type.

    Measure Section: Definitions

    Source of Change: Annual Update

  • Changed the timing of the check for moderate or severe LVSD in the Qualifying CAD Encounter and Moderate or Severe LVSD definition from ends to starts to account for end dates not often being documented.

    Measure Section: Multiple Sections

    Source of Change: ONC Project Tracking System (Jira): CQM-3890

  • Removed timing logic (minus one day) from the Qualifying CAD Encounter and Prior MI definition as it is no longer required due to another logic change.

    Measure Section: Multiple Sections

    Source of Change: Annual Update

  • Updated the names of Clinical Quality Language (CQL) definitions, functions, and/or aliases for clarification and to align with the CQL Style Guide.

    Measure Section: Multiple Sections

    Source of Change: Standards Update

  • Updated the version number of the Measure Authoring Tool (MAT) Global Common Functions Library (MATGlobalCommonFunctions-6.2.000). Updated the 'Inpatient Encounter' definition to include a 'day of' timing clarification. Added the following timing functions: Normalize Interval, Has Start, Has End, Latest, Latest Of, Earliest, and Earliest Of. Please see individual measure details for application of specific timing functions.

    Measure Section: Multiple Sections

    Source of Change: Standards Update

  • Added new NormalizeInterval function to timing attributes to decrease implementation burden due to variable use of timing attributes for select QDM data types. The NormalizeInterval function was applied, where applicable, for the following data elements: Assessment, Performed; Device, Applied; Diagnostic Study, Performed; Intervention, Performed; Laboratory Test, Performed; Medication, Administered; Medication, Dispensed; Physical Exam, Performed; Procedure, Performed; Substance, Administered.

    Measure Section: Multiple Sections

    Source of Change: Standards Update

Value Set

The VSAC is the source of truth for the value set content, please visit the VSAC for downloads of current value sets.

  • Value set Atrioventricular Block (2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.367): Added 4 SNOMED CT codes (102451000119107, 204383001, 284941000119107, 733125004) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback. Added 3 ICD-10-CM codes (I44.0, I44.30, I44.39) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback.

    Measure Section: Terminology

    Source of Change: Measure Lead

  • Value set Cardiac Pacer in Situ (2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.368): Added 1 ICD-10-CM code (Z95.810) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback.

    Measure Section: Terminology

    Source of Change: Measure Lead

  • Value set Cardiac Surgery (2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.371): Added 3 SNOMED CT codes (67166004, 871496000, 871497009) based on terminology update.

    Measure Section: Terminology

    Source of Change: Annual Update

  • Replaced value set Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction (2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1091) with direct reference code SNOMED CT code (134401001) based on applicability of a single code to represent clinical data.

    Measure Section: Terminology

    Source of Change: Annual Update

  • Value set Beta Blocker Therapy (2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1174): Deleted 12 RxNorm codes (152916, 199277, 199494, 199495, 199717, 199786, 199787, 856713, 896983, 896987, 998693, 998695) based on terminology update.

    Measure Section: Terminology

    Source of Change: Annual Update

  • Value set Coronary Artery Disease No MI (2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.369): Deleted 1 ICD-10-CM code (I24.1) based on review by technical experts, SMEs, and/or public feedback.

    Measure Section: Terminology

    Source of Change: Measure Lead

Last Updated: Feb 13, 2024