eCQM Title

Exclusive Breast Milk Feeding

eCQM Identifier (Measure Authoring Tool) 9 eCQM Version number 8.1.000
NQF Number 0480e GUID 7d374c6a-3821-4333-a1bc-4531005d77b8
Measurement Period January 1, 20XX through December 31, 20XX
Measure Steward The Joint Commission
Measure Developer The Joint Commission
Endorsed By National Quality Forum
Description
PC-05 Exclusive breast milk feeding during the newborn's entire hospitalization.

The measure is reported as an overall rate which includes all newborns that were exclusively fed breast milk during the entire hospitalization.
Copyright
Measure specifications are in the Public Domain.

LOINC(R) copyright 2004-2018 Regenstrief Institute, Inc.
 
This material contains SNOMED Clinical Terms (R) (SNOMED CT[R]) copyright 2004-2018 International Health Terminology Standards Development Organization. All Rights Reserved.
Disclaimer
These performance measures are not clinical guidelines and do not establish a standard of medical care, and have not been tested for all potential applications. The measures and specifications are provided without warranty.
Measure Scoring Proportion
Measure Type Process
Stratification
None
Risk Adjustment
None
Rate Aggregation
None
Rationale
Exclusive breast milk feeding for the first 6 months of neonatal life has long been the expressed goal of World Health Organization (WHO), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). ACOG has recently reiterated its position (ACOG, 2007). A recent Cochrane review substantiates the benefits (Kramer & Kakuma, 2002). Much evidence has now focused on the prenatal and intrapartum period as critical for the success of exclusive (or any) BF (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2007; Petrova, Hegyi, & Mehta, 2007; Shealy et al., 2005; Taveras et al., 2004). Exclusive breast milk feeding rate during birth hospital stay has been calculated by the California Department of Public Health for the last several years using newborn genetic disease testing data. Healthy People 2010 and the CDC have also been active in promoting this goal.
Clinical Recommendation Statement
Exclusive breast milk feeding for the first 6 months of neonatal life can result in numerous long-term health benefits for both mother and newborn and is recommended by a number of national and international organizations. Evidence suggests that the prenatal and intrapartum period is critical for the success of exclusive (or any) breast feeding. Therefore, it is recommended that newborns are fed breast milk only from birth to discharge.
Improvement Notation
Improvement noted as an increase in the rate
Reference
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2005). Policy statement: Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics, 115, 496-506.
Reference
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Committee on Obstetric Practice and Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women. (2007). Breastfeeding: ACOG committee opinion 361—Maternal and infant aspects. Washington, DC: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
Reference
California Department of Public Health. (2017). In-hospital breastfeeding initiation data: Hospital of occurrence. Retrieved from https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CFH/DMCAH/CDPH%20Document%20Library/BFP/BFP-Data-InHospital-Hospitals-2017.pdf
Reference
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2007, August 3). Breastfeeding trends and updated national health objectives for exclusive breastfeeding—United States birth years 2000–2004. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 56(30), 760-763.
Reference
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity. (2017). Breastfeeding report card. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/reportcard.htm
Reference
Ip, S., Chung, M., Raman, G., et al. (2007). Breastfeeding and maternal and infant health outcomes in developed countries. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved from https://archive.ahrq.gov/downloads/pub/evidence/pdf/brfout/brfout.pdf
Reference
Kramer, M. S., & Kakuma, R. (2002). Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (1). DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003517.
Reference
Petrova, A., Hegyi, T., & Mehta, R. (2007). Maternal race/ethnicity and one-month exclusive breastfeeding in association with the in-hospital feeding modality. Breastfeeding Medicine, 2(2), 92-98.
Reference
Shealy, K. R., Li, R., Benton-Davis, S., et al. (2005). The CDC guide to breastfeeding interventions. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/pdf/breastfeeding_interventions.pdf
Reference
Taveras, E. M., Li, R., Grummer-Strawn, L., et al. (2004). Opinions and practices of clinicians associated with continuation of exclusive breastfeeding. Pediatrics, 113(4), e283-e290.
Reference
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2007). Healthy People 2010 midcourse review. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2010/data/midcourse/html/default.htm?visit=1
Reference
World Health Organization. (2007). Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices. Washington, DC, USA: World Health Organization. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/43895/9789241596664_eng.pdf
Definition
None
Guidance
A discharge to a designated cancer center or children's hospital should be captured as a discharge to an acute care facility.

It is acceptable to calculate Gestational Age using the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ReVITALize guidelines, which define Gestational Age as calculated using the best obstetrical Estimated Due Date (EDD) based on the formula:
          Gestational Age= (280-(EDD-Reference Date))/7

where Reference Date is the date on which you are trying to determine gestational age. For PC-05, Reference Date is the Birth Date. 

Note however that the calculation may yield a non-whole number and gestational age should be rounded off to the nearest completed week. For example, an infant born on the 5th day of the 36th week (35 weeks and 5/7 days) is at a gestational age of 35 weeks, not 36 weeks.
Transmission Format
TBD
Initial Population
Inpatient hospitalizations for single newborns with an estimated gestational age at birth of >=37 weeks who are born in the hospital and who did not have a diagnosis of galactosemia, were not subject to parenteral nutrition, and had a length of stay less than or equal to 120 days that ends during the measurement period
Denominator
Initial Population
Denominator Exclusions
Inpatient hospitalizations for newborns who were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), who were transferred to an acute care facility, or other health care facility, or who expired during the hospitalization
Numerator
Inpatient hospitalizations for newborns who were fed breast milk only since birth
Numerator Exclusions
Not applicable
Denominator Exceptions
None
Supplemental Data Elements
For every patient evaluated by this measure also identify payer, race, ethnicity and sex

Table of Contents


Population Criteria

Definitions

Functions

Terminology

Data Criteria (QDM Data Elements)

Supplemental Data Elements

Risk Adjustment Variables


Measure Set
eMeasure Perinatal Care (ePC)