eCQM Title | Functional Status Assessment for Total Hip Replacement |
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eCQM Identifier (Measure Authoring Tool) | 56 | eCQM Version Number | 9.2.000 |
NQF Number | Not Applicable | GUID | 2f291003-3f2f-48af-bef9-e5aacb95ac3e |
Measurement Period | January 1, 20XX through December 31, 20XX | ||
Measure Steward | Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) | ||
Measure Developer | National Committee for Quality Assurance | ||
Endorsed By | None | ||
Description |
Percentage of patients 18 years of age and older who received an elective primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and completed a functional status assessment within 90 days prior to the surgery and in the 270-365 days after the surgery |
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Copyright |
This Physician Performance Measure (Measure) and related data specifications are owned and stewarded by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). CMS contracted (Contract HHSP23320095627WC; HHSP23337008T) with the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) to develop this electronic measure. NCQA is not responsible for any use of the Measure. NCQA makes no representations, warranties, or endorsement about the quality of any organization or physician that uses or reports performance measures and NCQA has no liability to anyone who relies on such measures or specifications. Limited proprietary coding is contained in the Measure specifications for user convenience. Users of proprietary code sets should obtain all necessary licenses from the owners of the code sets. NCQA disclaims all liability for use or accuracy of any third party codes contained in the specifications. CPT(R) contained in the Measure specifications is copyright 2004-2019 American Medical Association. LOINC(R) copyright 2004-2019 Regenstrief Institute, Inc. This material contains SNOMED Clinical Terms(R) (SNOMED CT[R]) copyright 2004-2019 International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation. ICD-10 copyright 2019 World Health Organization. All Rights Reserved. |
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Disclaimer |
The performance Measure is not a clinical guideline and does not establish a standard of medical care, and has not been tested for all potential applications. THE MEASURE AND SPECIFICATIONS ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. Due to technical limitations, registered trademarks are indicated by (R) or [R] and unregistered trademarks are indicated by (TM) or [TM]. |
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Measure Scoring | Proportion | ||
Measure Type | Process | ||
Stratification |
None |
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Risk Adjustment |
None |
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Rate Aggregation |
None |
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Rationale |
Total hip arthroplasties (THAs) are common surgical procedures that address hip pain and functional impairment, primarily caused by osteoarthritis. Although THA is an effective procedure for addressing osteoarthritis for many patients, some people, particularly those with more severe preoperative pain and impairment, do not experience the improvements in pain, function, and quality of life expected from the procedure (Beswick et al., 2012; Fortin et al., 1999; Tilbury et al., 2016). In 2010, providers performed 326,100 THAs, with 95 percent of them in patients age 45 and older (Wolford, Palso, & Bercovitz, 2015). Although THAs were introduced as a procedure for older adults, the percentage of patients age 55 to 64 (29 percent) who had a THA in 2010 exceeded the percentage of patients age 75 and older (26 percent) who had a THA (Wolford, Palso, & Bercovitz, 2015). Kurtz et al. (2009) projected that patients younger than 65 would account for 52 percent of THAs by 2030. This growth in hip surgeries for patients younger than 65 is significant because these patients often require more expensive joint arthroplasties that will better withstand the wear caused by physical activity (Bozic et al., 2006). This measure evaluates whether patients complete a patient-reported functional status assessment (FSA) before and after a THA. Measuring functional status for patients undergoing THA permits longitudinal assessment - from the patient's perspective - of the impact of surgical intervention on pain, physical function, as well as health-related quality of life (Rothrock, 2010). |
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Clinical Recommendation Statement |
While there is no clinical guideline recommending that clinicians assess patients who are undergoing total hip replacements using patient-reported outcomes of function and pain, several clinical specialty societies support the use of a general health questionnaire and a disease-specific questionnaire for these patients. In particular, they recommend the Veterans RAND 12-item health survey (VR-12) or the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System [PROMIS]-10-Global as the general health questionnaire and the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [HOOS], Jr. as the disease-specific questionnaire (American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons, the American Joint Replacement Registry, The Hip Society, The Knee Society, & the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons, 2015). |
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Improvement Notation |
A higher score indicates better quality |
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Reference |
American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons, the American Joint Replacement Registry, The Hip Society, The Knee Society, & the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons. (2015). Patient-reported outcomes summit for total joint arthroplasty report. Retrieved from http://www.aahks.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/comment-letter-pro-summit-09082015.pdf |
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Reference |
Beswick, A. D., Wylde, V., Gooberman-Hill, R., et al. (2012). What proportion of patients report long-term pain after total hip or knee replacement for osteoarthritis? A systematic review of prospective studies in unselected patients. British Medical Journal Open, 2(1), 1-12. |
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Reference |
Bozic, K. J., Morsehed, S., Silverstein, M. D., et al. (2006). Use of cost-effectiveness analysis to evaluate new technologies in orthopaedics: The case of alternative bearing surfaces in total hip arthroplasty. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume, 88(4), 706-714. |
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Reference |
Fortin, P. R., Clarke, A. E., Joseph, L., et al. (1999). Outcomes of total hip and knee replacement preoperative functional status predicts outcomes at six months after surgery. American College of Rheumatology, 42(8), 1722-1728. |
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Reference |
Kurtz, S. M., Lau, E., Ong, K., et al. (2009). Future young patient demand for primary and revision joint arthroplasty: National projections from 2010 to 2030. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 467(10), 2606-2612. |
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Reference |
Rothrock, N. E., Hays, R. D., Spritzer, K., et al. (2010). Relative to the general U.S. population, chronic diseases are associated with poorer health-related quality of life as measured by the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 63(11), 1195-1204. |
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Reference |
Tilbury, C., Haanstra, T. M., Leichtenberg, C. S., et al. (2016). Unfulfilled expectations after total hip and knee arthroplasty surgery: There is a need for better preoperative patient information and education. Journal of Arthroplasty, 31(10), 2136-2145. |
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Reference |
Wolford, M. L., Palso, K., & Bercovitz, A. (2015, February). Hospitalization for total hip replacement among inpatients aged 45 and over: United States, 2000-2010. NCHS Data Brief No. 186. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. |
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Definition |
None |
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Guidance |
The same functional status assessment (FSA) instrument must be used for the initial and follow-up assessment. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.5. Please refer to the eCQI resource center (https://ecqi.healthit.gov/qdm) for more information on the QDM. |
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Transmission Format |
TBD |
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Initial Population |
Patients 19 years of age and older who had a primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the year prior to the measurement period and who had an outpatient encounter during the measurement period |
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Denominator |
Equals Initial Population |
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Denominator Exclusions |
Patients with two or more fractures indicating trauma at the time of the total hip arthroplasty or patients with severe cognitive impairment that overlaps the measurement period. Exclude patients whose hospice care overlaps the measurement period. |
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Numerator |
Patients with patient-reported functional status assessment results (i.e., Veterans RAND 12-item health survey [VR-12], Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System [PROMIS]-10-Global Health, Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [HOOS], HOOS Jr.) in the 90 days prior to or on the day of the primary THA procedure, and in the 270 - 365 days after the THA procedure |
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Numerator Exclusions |
Not Applicable |
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Denominator Exceptions |
None |
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Supplemental Data Elements |
For every patient evaluated by this measure also identify payer, race, ethnicity, and sex |
"Has Qualifying Encounter" and exists ( "Total Hip Arthroplasty Procedure" ) and exists ( ["Patient Characteristic Birthdate": "Birth date"] BirthDate where Global."CalendarAgeInYearsAt" ( BirthDate.birthDatetime, start of "Measurement Period" ) >= 19 )
"Initial Population"
Hospice."Has Hospice" or "Has Total Hip Arthroplasty with 2 or More Lower Body Fractures" or "Has Dementia Diagnosis"
( "Has THA with Initial and Follow Up HOOS Assessments" ) or ( "Has THA with Initial and Follow Up HOOSJr Assessments" ) or ( "Has THA with Initial and Follow Up PROMIS10 Assessments" ) or ( "Has THA with Initial and Follow Up VR12 Oblique Assessments" ) or ( "Has THA with Initial and Follow Up VR12 Orthogonal Assessments" )
None
None
None
"Initial Population"
Hospice."Has Hospice" or "Has Total Hip Arthroplasty with 2 or More Lower Body Fractures" or "Has Dementia Diagnosis"
exists ( ["Diagnosis": "Severe dementia (disorder)"] Dementia where Dementia.prevalencePeriod overlaps "Measurement Period" )
exists ( ( ["Encounter, Performed": "Outpatient Consultation"] union ["Encounter, Performed": "Office Visit"] union ["Encounter, Performed": "Postoperative follow-up visit, normally included in the surgical package, to indicate that an evaluation and management service was performed during a postoperative period for a reason(s) related to the original procedure"] ) ValidEncounters where ValidEncounters.relevantPeriod during "Measurement Period" )
exists ( "Total Hip Arthroplasty Procedure" TotalHip with "Time HOOS Total Assessment Completed" InitialHipAssessmentHOOS such that TotalHip.relevantPeriod starts 90 days or less on or after InitialHipAssessmentHOOS with "Time HOOS Total Assessment Completed" FollowupHipAssessmentHOOS such that FollowupHipAssessmentHOOS in Interval[ end of TotalHip.relevantPeriod + 270 days, end of TotalHip.relevantPeriod + 365 days] )
exists ( "Total Hip Arthroplasty Procedure" TotalHip with "HOOSJr Total Assessment Completed" InitialHipAssessment such that TotalHip.relevantPeriod starts 90 days or less on or after InitialHipAssessment.relevantDatetime with "HOOSJr Total Assessment Completed" FollowupHipAssessment such that FollowupHipAssessment.relevantDatetime in Interval[ end of TotalHip.relevantPeriod + 270 days, end of TotalHip.relevantPeriod + 365 days] )
exists ( "Total Hip Arthroplasty Procedure" TotalHip with "Time PROMIS10 Total Assessment Completed" InitialHipAssessmentPROMIS10 such that TotalHip.relevantPeriod starts 90 days or less on or after InitialHipAssessmentPROMIS10 with "Time PROMIS10 Total Assessment Completed" FollowupHipAssessmentPROMIS10 such that FollowupHipAssessmentPROMIS10 in Interval[ end of TotalHip.relevantPeriod + 270 days, end of TotalHip.relevantPeriod + 365 days] )
exists ( "Total Hip Arthroplasty Procedure" TotalHip with "Time VR12 Oblique Total Assessment Completed" InitialHipAssessmentOblique such that TotalHip.relevantPeriod starts 90 days or less on or after InitialHipAssessmentOblique with "Time VR12 Oblique Total Assessment Completed" FollowupHipAssessmentOblique such that FollowupHipAssessmentOblique in Interval[ end of TotalHip.relevantPeriod + 270 days, end of TotalHip.relevantPeriod + 365 days] )
exists ( "Total Hip Arthroplasty Procedure" TotalHip with "Time VR12 Orthogonal Total Assessment Completed" InitialHipAssessmentOrthogonal such that TotalHip.relevantPeriod starts 90 days or less on or after InitialHipAssessmentOrthogonal with "Time VR12 Orthogonal Total Assessment Completed" FollowupHipAssessmentOrthogonal such that FollowupHipAssessmentOrthogonal in Interval[ end of TotalHip.relevantPeriod + 270 days, end of TotalHip.relevantPeriod + 365 days] )
exists ( "Total Hip Arthroplasty Procedure" THAProcedure where Count(["Diagnosis": "Fracture - Lower Body"] LowerBodyFracture where LowerBodyFracture.prevalencePeriod starts less than 1 day on or before start of THAProcedure.relevantPeriod )>= 2 )
( ["Assessment, Performed": "Hip Dysfunction and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement [HOOSJR]"] HOOSJr where HOOSJr.result is not null )
exists ( ["Encounter, Performed": "Encounter Inpatient"] DischargeHospice where ( DischargeHospice.dischargeDisposition ~ "Discharge to home for hospice care (procedure)" or DischargeHospice.dischargeDisposition ~ "Discharge to healthcare facility for hospice care (procedure)" ) and DischargeHospice.relevantPeriod ends during "Measurement Period" ) or exists ( ["Intervention, Order": "Hospice care ambulatory"] HospiceOrder where HospiceOrder.authorDatetime during "Measurement Period" ) or exists ( ["Intervention, Performed": "Hospice care ambulatory"] HospicePerformed where HospicePerformed.relevantPeriod overlaps "Measurement Period" )
"Has Qualifying Encounter" and exists ( "Total Hip Arthroplasty Procedure" ) and exists ( ["Patient Characteristic Birthdate": "Birth date"] BirthDate where Global."CalendarAgeInYearsAt" ( BirthDate.birthDatetime, start of "Measurement Period" ) >= 19 )
( "Has THA with Initial and Follow Up HOOS Assessments" ) or ( "Has THA with Initial and Follow Up HOOSJr Assessments" ) or ( "Has THA with Initial and Follow Up PROMIS10 Assessments" ) or ( "Has THA with Initial and Follow Up VR12 Oblique Assessments" ) or ( "Has THA with Initial and Follow Up VR12 Orthogonal Assessments" )
["Patient Characteristic Ethnicity": "Ethnicity"]
["Patient Characteristic Payer": "Payer"]
["Patient Characteristic Race": "Race"]
["Patient Characteristic Sex": "ONC Administrative Sex"]
from ["Assessment, Performed": "Quality of life score [HOOS]"] HOOSLifeQuality, ["Assessment, Performed": "Sport-recreation score [HOOS]"] HOOSSport, ["Assessment, Performed": "Activities of daily living score [HOOS]"] HOOSActivityScore, ["Assessment, Performed": "Symptoms score [HOOS]"] HOOSSymptoms, ["Assessment, Performed": "Pain score [HOOS]"] HOOSPain where HOOSLifeQuality.relevantDatetime same day as HOOSSport.relevantDatetime and HOOSSport.result is not null and HOOSLifeQuality.relevantDatetime same day as HOOSActivityScore.relevantDatetime and HOOSActivityScore.result is not null and HOOSLifeQuality.relevantDatetime same day as HOOSSymptoms.relevantDatetime and HOOSSymptoms.result is not null and HOOSLifeQuality.relevantDatetime same day as HOOSPain.relevantDatetime and HOOSPain.result is not null and HOOSLifeQuality.result is not null return Max({ HOOSLifeQuality.relevantDatetime, HOOSSport.relevantDatetime, HOOSActivityScore.relevantDatetime, HOOSSymptoms.relevantDatetime, HOOSPain.relevantDatetime })
from ["Assessment, Performed": "PROMIS-10 Global Mental Health (GMH) score T-score"] Promis10MentalScore, ["Assessment, Performed": "PROMIS-10 Global Physical Health (GPH) score T-score"] Promis10PhysicalScore where Promis10MentalScore.relevantDatetime same day as Promis10PhysicalScore.relevantDatetime and Promis10PhysicalScore.result is not null and Promis10MentalScore.result is not null return Max({ Promis10MentalScore.relevantDatetime, Promis10PhysicalScore.relevantDatetime })
from ["Assessment, Performed": "VR-12 Mental component summary (MCS) score - oblique method T-score"] VR12MentalAssessment, ["Assessment, Performed": "VR-12 Physical component summary (PCS) score - oblique method T-score"] VR12PhysicalAssessment where VR12MentalAssessment.relevantDatetime same day as VR12PhysicalAssessment.relevantDatetime and VR12MentalAssessment.result is not null and VR12PhysicalAssessment.result is not null return Max({ VR12MentalAssessment.relevantDatetime, VR12PhysicalAssessment.relevantDatetime })
from ["Assessment, Performed": "VR-12 Mental component summary (MCS) score - orthogonal method T-score"] VR12MentalOrthogonal, ["Assessment, Performed": "VR-12 Physical component summary (PCS) score - orthogonal method T-score"] VR12PhysicalOrthogonal where VR12MentalOrthogonal.relevantDatetime same day as VR12PhysicalOrthogonal.relevantDatetime and VR12MentalOrthogonal.result is not null and VR12PhysicalOrthogonal.result is not null return Max({ VR12MentalOrthogonal.relevantDatetime, VR12PhysicalOrthogonal.relevantDatetime })
["Procedure, Performed": "Primary THA Procedure"] THAProcedure where THAProcedure.relevantPeriod starts 12 months or less on or before start of "Measurement Period"
years between ToDate(BirthDateTime)and ToDate(AsOf)
DateTime(year from Value, month from Value, day from Value, 0, 0, 0, 0, timezoneoffset from Value)
["Patient Characteristic Ethnicity": "Ethnicity"]
["Patient Characteristic Payer": "Payer"]
["Patient Characteristic Race": "Race"]
["Patient Characteristic Sex": "ONC Administrative Sex"]
Measure Set |
Not Applicable |
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