eCQM Title | Diabetes: Medical Attention for Nephropathy |
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eCQM Identifier (Measure Authoring Tool) | 134 | eCQM Version Number | 9.3.000 |
NQF Number | Not Applicable | GUID | 7b2a9277-43da-4d99-9bee-6ac271a07747 |
Measurement Period | January 1, 20XX through December 31, 20XX | ||
Measure Steward | National Committee for Quality Assurance | ||
Measure Developer | National Committee for Quality Assurance | ||
Endorsed By | None | ||
Description |
The percentage of patients 18-75 years of age with diabetes who had a nephropathy screening test or evidence of nephropathy during the measurement period |
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Copyright |
This Physician Performance Measure (Measure) and related data specifications are owned and were developed by the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA). NCQA is not responsible for any use of the Measure. NCQA makes no representations, warranties, or endorsement about the quality of any organization or physician that uses or reports performance measures and NCQA has no liability to anyone who relies on such measures or specifications. NCQA holds a copyright in the Measure. The Measure can be reproduced and distributed, without modification, for noncommercial purposes (e.g., use by healthcare providers in connection with their practices) without obtaining approval from NCQA. Commercial use is defined as the sale, licensing, or distribution of the Measure for commercial gain, or incorporation of the Measure into a product or service that is sold, licensed or distributed for commercial gain. All commercial uses or requests for modification must be approved by NCQA and are subject to a license at the discretion of NCQA. (C) 2012-2019 National Committee for Quality Assurance. All Rights Reserved. Limited proprietary coding is contained in the Measure specifications for user convenience. Users of proprietary code sets should obtain all necessary licenses from the owners of the code sets. NCQA disclaims all liability for use or accuracy of any third party codes contained in the specifications. CPT(R) contained in the Measure specifications is copyright 2004-2019 American Medical Association. LOINC(R) copyright 2004-2019 Regenstrief Institute, Inc. This material contains SNOMED Clinical Terms(R) (SNOMED CT[R]) copyright 2004-2019 International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation. ICD-10 copyright 2019 World Health Organization. All Rights Reserved. |
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Disclaimer |
The performance Measure is not a clinical guideline and does not establish a standard of medical care, and has not been tested for all potential applications. THE MEASURE AND SPECIFICATIONS ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. Due to technical limitations, registered trademarks are indicated by (R) or [R] and unregistered trademarks are indicated by (TM) or [TM]. |
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Measure Scoring | Proportion | ||
Measure Type | Process | ||
Stratification |
None |
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Risk Adjustment |
None |
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Rate Aggregation |
None |
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Rationale |
As the seventh leading cause of death in the U.S., diabetes kills approximately 79,500 people a year and affects more than 30 million Americans (9.4 percent of the U.S. population) (CDC, 2017a, 2017b). Diabetes is a long-lasting disease marked by high blood glucose levels, resulting from the body's inability to produce or use insulin properly (CDC, 2019). People with diabetes are at increased risk of serious health complications including vision loss, heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, amputation of toes, feet or legs, and premature death. (CDC, 2016). In 2017, diabetes cost the U.S. an estimated $327 billion: $237 billion in direct medical costs and $90 billion in reduced productivity. This is a 34 percent increase from the estimated $245 billion spent on diabetes in 2012 (American Diabetes Association, 2018). High blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes put them at a higher risk of damaging their kidneys and causing chronic kidney disease, which can lead to kidney failure (CDC, 2016, 2017c). During 2011-2012 there were 36.5% new cases of chronic kidney disease (stages 1-4) among 297,000 diabetic patients 20 years and older (Murphy et al., 2016). In 2014, diabetes accounted for 44% of 118,000 new cases of end stage renal disease (United States Renal Data System, 2016). |
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Clinical Recommendation Statement |
American Diabetes Association (2019): Screening - At least once a year, assess urinary albumin (e.g., spot urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio [UACR]) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with type 1 diabetes with duration of >=5 years, in all patients with type 2 diabetes, and in all patients with comorbid hypertension. (Level of evidence: B) Treatment - An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) is not recommended for the primary prevention of diabetic kidney disease in patients with diabetes who have normal blood pressure, normal UACR (<30 mg/g creatinine), and normal estimated glomerular filtration rate. (Level of evidence: B) - In nonpregnant patients with diabetes and hypertension, either an ACE inhibitor or ARB is recommended for those with modestly elevated UACR (30-299 mg/g creatinine) (Level of evidence: B) and is strongly recommended for those with UACR >=300 mg/g creatinine and/or eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73.m2. (Level of evidence: A) - Periodically monitor serum creatinine and potassium levels for the development of increased creatinine or changes in potassium when ACE inhibitors, ARB, or diuretics are used. (Level of evidence: B) - Continued monitoring of UACR in patients with albuminuria treated with an ACE inhibitor or an ARB is reasonable to assess the response to treatment and progression of chronic kidney disease. (Level of evidence: E) - When eGFR is <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, evaluate and manage potential complications of chronic kidney disease. (Level of evidence: E) -Patients should be referred for evaluation for renal replacement treatment if they have an eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2. (Level of evidence: A) -Promptly refer to a physician experienced in the care of kidney disease for uncertainty about the etiology of kidney disease, difficult management issues, and rapidly progressing kidney disease. (Level of evidence: B) American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists & American College of Endocrinology (2015): - Beginning 5 years after diagnosis in patients with type 1 diabetes (if diagnosed before age 30) or at diagnosis in patients with type 2 diabetes and those with type 1 diabetes diagnosed after age 30, annual assessment of serum creatinine to determine the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin excretion rate (AER) should be performed to identify, stage, and monitor progression of diabetic nephropathy. (Grade C; best evidence level 3) - Patients with nephropathy should be counseled regarding the need for optimal glycemic control, blood pressure control, dyslipidemia control, and smoking cessation. (Grade B; best evidence level 2) - In addition, they should have routine monitoring of albuminuria, kidney function electrolytes, and lipids. (Grade B; best evidence level 2) - Associated conditions such as anemia and bone and mineral disorders should be assessed as kidney function declines. (Grade D; best evidence level 4) - Referral to a nephrologist is recommended well before the need for renal replacement therapy. (Grade D; best evidence level 4) |
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Improvement Notation |
Higher score indicates better quality |
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Reference |
American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists & American College of Endocrinology. (2015). Clinical practice guidelines for developing a diabetes mellitus comprehensive care plan—2015. Endocrine Practice, 21(Suppl. 1). Retrieved from https://www.aace.com/files/dm-guidelines-ccp.pdf |
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Reference |
American Diabetes Association. (2018). Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. in 2017. Diabetes Care, 41, 917-928. Retrieved from http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/early/2018/03/20/dci18-0007 |
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Reference |
American Diabetes Association. (2019). 11. Microvascular complications and foot care: Standards of medical care in diabetes—2019. Diabetes Care, 42(Suppl. 1), S124-S138. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-S011 |
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Reference |
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). At a glance 2016: Diabetes—Working to reverse the U.S. epidemic. Atlanta, GA: Author. Retrieved from https://upcap.org/admin/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Diabetes-at-a-Glance.pdf |
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Reference |
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017a). Health, United States, 2016: With chartbook on long-term trends in health. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus16.pdf |
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Reference |
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017b). National diabetes statistics report, 2017. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pdfs/data/statistics/national-diabetes-statistics-report.pdf |
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Reference |
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). About diabetes. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/diabetes.html |
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Reference |
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017c). National chronic kidney disease fact sheet. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/pdf/kidney_factsheet.pdf |
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Reference |
Murphy, D., McCulloch, C. E., Lin, F., et al. (2016). Trends in prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States. Annals of Internal Medicine, 165(7), 473-481. Retrieved from https://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/2540849/trends-prevalence-chronic-kidney-disease-united-states |
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Reference |
United States Renal Data System. (2016). 2016 USRDS annual data report: Epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health. |
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Definition |
None |
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Guidance |
Only patients with a diagnosis of Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes should be included in the denominator of this measure; patients with a diagnosis of secondary diabetes due to another condition should not be included. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.5. Please refer to the eCQI resource center (https://ecqi.healthit.gov/qdm) for more information on the QDM. |
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Transmission Format |
TBD |
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Initial Population |
Patients 18-75 years of age with diabetes with a visit during the measurement period |
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Denominator |
Equals Initial Population |
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Denominator Exclusions |
Exclude patients whose hospice care overlaps the measurement period. Exclude patients 66 and older who are living long term in an institution for more than 90 consecutive days during the measurement period. Exclude patients 66 and older with advanced illness and frailty because it is unlikely that patients will benefit from the services being measured. |
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Numerator |
Patients with a screening for nephropathy or evidence of nephropathy during the measurement period |
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Numerator Exclusions |
Not Applicable |
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Denominator Exceptions |
None |
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Supplemental Data Elements |
For every patient evaluated by this measure also identify payer, race, ethnicity and sex |
exists ( ["Patient Characteristic Birthdate": "Birth date"] BirthDate where Global."CalendarAgeInYearsAt" ( BirthDate.birthDatetime, start of "Measurement Period" ) in Interval[18, 75 ) ) and exists ( AdultOutpatientEncounters."Qualifying Encounters" ) and exists ( ["Diagnosis": "Diabetes"] Diabetes where Diabetes.prevalencePeriod overlaps "Measurement Period" )
"Initial Population"
Hospice."Has Hospice" or FrailtyLTI."Advanced Illness and Frailty Exclusion Not Including Over Age 80" or ( exists ["Patient Characteristic Birthdate": "Birth date"] BirthDate where ( Global."CalendarAgeInYearsAt" ( BirthDate.birthDatetime, start of "Measurement Period" ) >= 65 ) and FrailtyLTI."Long Term Care Periods Longer Than 90 Consecutive Days" )
exists ( "Active ACE or ARB Medications" ) or exists ( "Nephropathy Diagnoses" ) or exists ( "Nephropathy Screenings" )
None
None
None
["Medication, Active": "ACE Inhibitor or ARB or ARNI"] ACEorARBMedication where ACEorARBMedication.relevantPeriod overlaps "Measurement Period"
( ["Encounter, Performed": "Office Visit"] union ["Encounter, Performed": "Annual Wellness Visit"] union ["Encounter, Performed": "Preventive Care Services - Established Office Visit, 18 and Up"] union ["Encounter, Performed": "Preventive Care Services-Initial Office Visit, 18 and Up"] union ["Encounter, Performed": "Home Healthcare Services"] ) ValidEncounter where ValidEncounter.relevantPeriod during "Measurement Period"
//If the measure does NOT include populations age 80 and older, then use this logic: exists ( ["Patient Characteristic Birthdate": "Birth date"] BirthDate where Global."CalendarAgeInYearsAt" ( BirthDate.birthDatetime, start of "Measurement Period" ) >= 65 and "Has Criteria Indicating Frailty" and ( Count("Outpatient Encounters with Advanced Illness")>= 2 or exists ( "Inpatient Encounter with Advanced Illness" ) or exists "Dementia Medications In Year Before or During Measurement Period" ) )
["Medication, Active": "Dementia Medications"] DementiaMed where DementiaMed.relevantPeriod overlaps Interval[( start of "Measurement Period" - 1 year ), end of "Measurement Period"]
exists ( ["Device, Order": "Frailty Device"] FrailtyDeviceOrder where FrailtyDeviceOrder.authorDatetime during "Measurement Period" ) or exists ( ["Device, Applied": "Frailty Device"] FrailtyDeviceApplied where FrailtyDeviceApplied.relevantPeriod overlaps "Measurement Period" ) or exists ( ["Diagnosis": "Frailty Diagnosis"] FrailtyDiagnosis where FrailtyDiagnosis.prevalencePeriod overlaps "Measurement Period" ) or exists ( ["Encounter, Performed": "Frailty Encounter"] FrailtyEncounter where FrailtyEncounter.relevantPeriod overlaps "Measurement Period" ) or exists ( ["Symptom": "Frailty Symptom"] FrailtySymptom where FrailtySymptom.prevalencePeriod overlaps "Measurement Period" )
["Encounter, Performed": "Acute Inpatient"] InpatientEncounter where exists ( InpatientEncounter.diagnoses Diagnosis where Diagnosis.code in "Advanced Illness" ) and InpatientEncounter.relevantPeriod starts 2 years or less on or before end of "Measurement Period"
( ["Encounter, Performed": "Care Services in Long-Term Residential Facility"] union ["Encounter, Performed": "Nursing Facility Visit"] ) LongTermFacilityEncounter where LongTermFacilityEncounter.relevantPeriod overlaps "Measurement Period" return LongTermFacilityEncounter.relevantPeriod intersect "Measurement Period"
exists ( "Long Term Care Periods During Measurement Period" LongTermCareDuringMP where duration in days of LongTermCareDuringMP > 90 )
( ["Encounter, Performed": "Outpatient"] union ["Encounter, Performed": "Observation"] union ["Encounter, Performed": "ED"] union ["Encounter, Performed": "Nonacute Inpatient"] ) OutpatientEncounter where exists ( OutpatientEncounter.diagnoses Diagnosis where Diagnosis.code in "Advanced Illness" ) and OutpatientEncounter.relevantPeriod starts 2 years or less on or before end of "Measurement Period"
"Initial Population"
Hospice."Has Hospice" or FrailtyLTI."Advanced Illness and Frailty Exclusion Not Including Over Age 80" or ( exists ["Patient Characteristic Birthdate": "Birth date"] BirthDate where ( Global."CalendarAgeInYearsAt" ( BirthDate.birthDatetime, start of "Measurement Period" ) >= 65 ) and FrailtyLTI."Long Term Care Periods Longer Than 90 Consecutive Days" )
["Encounter, Performed": "ESRD Monthly Outpatient Services"]
exists ( ["Encounter, Performed": "Encounter Inpatient"] DischargeHospice where ( DischargeHospice.dischargeDisposition ~ "Discharge to home for hospice care (procedure)" or DischargeHospice.dischargeDisposition ~ "Discharge to healthcare facility for hospice care (procedure)" ) and DischargeHospice.relevantPeriod ends during "Measurement Period" ) or exists ( ["Intervention, Order": "Hospice care ambulatory"] HospiceOrder where HospiceOrder.authorDatetime during "Measurement Period" ) or exists ( ["Intervention, Performed": "Hospice care ambulatory"] HospicePerformed where HospicePerformed.relevantPeriod overlaps "Measurement Period" )
exists ( ["Patient Characteristic Birthdate": "Birth date"] BirthDate where Global."CalendarAgeInYearsAt" ( BirthDate.birthDatetime, start of "Measurement Period" ) in Interval[18, 75 ) ) and exists ( AdultOutpatientEncounters."Qualifying Encounters" ) and exists ( ["Diagnosis": "Diabetes"] Diabetes where Diabetes.prevalencePeriod overlaps "Measurement Period" )
( ["Diagnosis": "Hypertensive Chronic Kidney Disease"] union ["Diagnosis": "Kidney Failure"] union ["Diagnosis": "Glomerulonephritis and Nephrotic Syndrome"] union ["Diagnosis": "Diabetic Nephropathy"] union ["Diagnosis": "Proteinuria"] ) NephropathyDiagnoses where NephropathyDiagnoses.prevalencePeriod overlaps "Measurement Period"
( "Renal Procedures" union "Renal Interventions" union "End Stage Renal Disease Encounter" union "Protein Urea Lab Test" ) ScreeningNephropathy where ScreeningNephropathy.relevantPeriod during "Measurement Period"
exists ( "Active ACE or ARB Medications" ) or exists ( "Nephropathy Diagnoses" ) or exists ( "Nephropathy Screenings" )
["Laboratory Test, Performed": "Urine Protein Tests"] ProteinUreaResult where ProteinUreaResult.result is not null
["Intervention, Performed": "Other Services Related to Dialysis"] union ["Intervention, Performed": "Dialysis Education"]
( ["Procedure, Performed": "Kidney Transplant"] union ["Procedure, Performed": "Vascular Access for Dialysis"] union ["Procedure, Performed": "Dialysis Services"] )
["Patient Characteristic Ethnicity": "Ethnicity"]
["Patient Characteristic Payer": "Payer"]
["Patient Characteristic Race": "Race"]
["Patient Characteristic Sex": "ONC Administrative Sex"]
years between ToDate(BirthDateTime)and ToDate(AsOf)
DateTime(year from Value, month from Value, day from Value, 0, 0, 0, 0, timezoneoffset from Value)
["Patient Characteristic Ethnicity": "Ethnicity"]
["Patient Characteristic Payer": "Payer"]
["Patient Characteristic Race": "Race"]
["Patient Characteristic Sex": "ONC Administrative Sex"]
Measure Set |
None |
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