eCQM Title

Pneumococcal Vaccination Status for Older Adults

eCQM Identifier (Measure Authoring Tool) 127 eCQM Version number 8.1.000
NQF Number Not Applicable GUID 59657b9b-01bf-4979-a090-8534da1d0516
Measurement Period January 1, 20XX through December 31, 20XX
Measure Steward National Committee for Quality Assurance
Measure Developer National Committee for Quality Assurance
Endorsed By None
Description
Percentage of patients 65 years of age and older who have ever received a pneumococcal vaccine
Copyright
This  Physician Performance Measure (Measure) and related data specifications are owned and were developed by the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA). NCQA is not responsible for any use of the Measure. NCQA makes no representations, warranties, or endorsement about the quality of any organization or physician that uses or reports performance measures and NCQA has no liability to anyone who relies on such measures or specifications. NCQA holds a copyright in the Measure. The Measure can be reproduced and distributed, without modification, for noncommercial purposes (e.g., use by healthcare providers in connection with their practices) without obtaining approval from NCQA. Commercial use is defined as the sale, licensing, or distribution of the Measure for commercial gain, or incorporation of the Measure into a product or service that is sold, licensed or distributed for commercial gain. All commercial uses or requests for modification must be approved by NCQA and are subject to a license at the discretion of NCQA. (C) 2012-2019 National Committee for Quality Assurance. All Rights Reserved. 

Limited proprietary coding is contained in the Measure specifications for user convenience. Users of proprietary code sets should obtain all necessary licenses from the owners of the code sets. NCQA disclaims all liability for use or accuracy of any third party codes contained in the specifications.

CPT(R) contained in the Measure specifications is copyright 2004-2018 American Medical Association. LOINC(R) copyright 2004-2018 Regenstrief Institute, Inc. This material contains SNOMED Clinical Terms(R) (SNOMED CT[R]) copyright 2004-2018 International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation. ICD-10 copyright 2018 World Health Organization. All Rights Reserved.
Disclaimer
The performance Measure is not a clinical guideline and does not establish a standard of medical care, and has not been tested for all potential applications. THE MEASURE AND SPECIFICATIONS ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND.
 
Due to technical limitations, registered trademarks are indicated by (R) or [R] and unregistered trademarks are indicated by (TM) or [TM].
Measure Scoring Proportion
Measure Type Process
Stratification
None
Risk Adjustment
None
Rate Aggregation
None
Rationale
Pneumonia is a common cause of illness and death in the elderly and persons with certain underlying conditions. The major clinical syndromes of pneumococcal disease include pneumonia, bacteremia and meningitis, with pneumonia being the most common (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] , 2015a). Pneumonia symptoms generally include fever, chills, pleuritic chest pain, cough with sputum, dyspnea, tachypnea, hypoxia tachycardia, malaise and weakness. There is an estimated 400,000 cases of pneumonia in the U.S. each year and a 5 percent-7 percent mortality rate, although it may be higher among older adults and adults in nursing homes (CDC , 2015b; Janssens & Krause , 2004). 

Among the 91.5 million US adults aged > 50 years, 29,500 cases of IPD, 502,600 cases of nonbacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia and 25,400 pneumococcal-related deaths are estimated to occur yearly; annual direct and indirect costs are estimated to total $3.7 billion and $1.8 billion, respectively. Pneumococcal disease remains a substantial burden among older US adults, despite increased coverage with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, (PPV23) and indirect benefits afforded by PCV7 vaccination of young children (Weycker  et al., 2011).

Pneumococcal vaccines have been shown to be highly effective in preventing invasive pneumococcal disease. When comparing costs, outcomes and quality adjusted life years, immunization with the two recommended pneumococcal vaccines was found to be more economically efficient than no vaccination, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $25,841 per quality-adjusted life year gained (Chen et al ., 2014).
Clinical Recommendation Statement
In 2014, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) began recommending a dose of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) be followed by a dose of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) 6-12 months later in adults aged 65 and older who have not previously received a pneumococcal vaccination, and in persons over the age of two years who are considered to be at higher risk for pneumococcal disease due to an underlying condition. The two vaccines should not be coadministered and intervals for administration of the two vaccines vary slightly depending on the age, risk group, and history of vaccination (Kobayashi et al., 2015).

In 2015, ACIP updated its recommendation and changed the interval between PCV13 and PPSV23, from 6-12 months to at least one year for immunocompetent adults aged >=65 years who have not previously received pneumococcal vaccine. For immunocompromised vaccine-naïve adults, the minimum acceptable interval between PCV13 and PPSV23 is 8 weeks. Both immunocompetent and immunocompromised adults aged >=65 years who have previously received a dose of PPSV23 when over the age of 65 should receive a dose of PCV13 at least one year after PPSV23 (>=1 year). Immunocompetent and immunocompromised adults aged >=65 who have previously received a dose of PPSV23 when under the age of 65, should also receive a dose of PCV13 at least one year after PPSV23 (>=1 year) and then another dose of PPSV23 at least one year after PCV13. It is recommended that for those that have this alternative three-dose schedule (2 PPSV23 and 1 PCV13), the three doses should be spread over a time period of five or more years (Kobayashi et al., 2015).
Improvement Notation
Higher score indicates better quality
Reference
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015a, June 10). Pneumococcal disease: Symptoms and complications.  Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/about/symptoms-complications.html
Reference
Centers for Disease Control and PreventionCDC. (2015b, June 19). Pneumococcal vaccination: Clinical Features. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/clinicians/clinical-features.html#pneumonia
Reference
Chen, J., O’Brien, M. A., Yang, H. K., et al. (2014). Cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccines for adults in the United States. Advances in Therapy, 31(4), 392-409.
Reference
Janssens, J. P., & Krause, K. H. (2004). Pneumonia in the very old. Lancet Infectious Diseases, 4(2), 112-124.
Reference
Kobayashi, M., Bennett, N. M., Gierke, R., et al. (2015). "Intervals between PCV13 and PPSV23 vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)." Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 64(34), 947. 
Reference
Janssens, J.P., and K.H. Krause. 2004. Pneumonia in the very old. Lancet Infect Dis. 4(2):112–24. 
Reference
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2011). "Pneumonia." Retrieved from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/pnu/pnu_whatis.html
Reference
Weycker, D., Strutton, D., Edelsberg, J., et al. ( 2011). "Clinical and economic burden of pneumococcal disease in older U.S. adults." Vaccine, 28(31), 4955-4960.
Definition
None
Guidance
Patient self-report for procedures as well as immunization s should be recorded in 'Procedure, Performed' template or 'Immunization, Administered'  template in QRDA-1.

ACIP (Kobayashi, 2015) provides guidance about the proper interval and relative timing for the administration of two pneumococcal vaccines; this measure assesses whether patients have received at least one of either vaccine.
Transmission Format
TBD
Initial Population
Patients 65 years of age and older with a visit during the measurement period
Denominator
Equals Initial Population
Denominator Exclusions
Exclude patients whose hospice care overlaps the measurement period
Numerator
Patients who have ever received a pneumococcal vaccination before the end of the measurement period
Numerator Exclusions
Not Applicable
Denominator Exceptions
None
Supplemental Data Elements
For every patient evaluated by this measure also identify payer, race, ethnicity and sex

Table of Contents


Population Criteria

Definitions

Functions

Terminology

Data Criteria (QDM Data Elements)

Supplemental Data Elements

Risk Adjustment Variables


Measure Set
None